Pattern Type A behavior, occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in white-collar employees
Article Sidebar
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Societal impact
Main Article Content
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders have a multifactorial etiology, where not only physical factors, but also psychosocial ones in the workplace interact with the individual characteristics and psychological demands of employees, predisposing them to the development of such conditions. Because not all people will respond in the same way to the stressors that affect them, the relationship between the Type A behavior pattern, occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms was investigated. The study design was cross-correlational and the statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson's correlation (p < .05), Student's t test and multiple linear regression. 100 white-collar employees from the public sector from southern Puerto Rico participated, selected by availability. PCTA predominated, the anatomical regions with the highest symptomatic frequency were: neck, shoulders, upper and lower back; and the level of occupational stress reported was low average. A statistically significant relationship was found between PCTA, occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms; not so between occupational stress and symptoms. Differences were reported between employees with PCTA and PCTB and the results of the regression model indicate that the independent variables explain about 7% of the variability of symptoms. It is concluded that the sample of white-collar employees who exhibit PCTA have a higher incidence of suffering from pain, discomfort or numbness in the region of the neck and upper back and are more prone and susceptible to stress.
Article Details
References
Bongers, P.M., De Winter, C., Kompier, M.A.J., & Hildbrant, V.H. (1993). sychosocialfactors at work and musculoskeletal disease. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 19, 297-312.
Buela-Casal, G., Caballo, V.E., & Sierra, C.J. (1996). Manual de evaluación en psicología clínica y de la salud. México, D.F.: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, S.A.
Chen, W.Q., Yu, I.T-S., & Wong, T.W. (2005). Impact of occupational stress and other psychosocial factors on musculoskeletal pain among Chinese offshore oil installation workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62, 251-526. doi: 10.1136/ oem.2004.013680
Choobineh, A., Tabatabei, S.H., Tozihian, M., & Ghadami, F. (2007). Musculoskeletal problems among workers of an Iranian communication company. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 11(1). Recuperado de http//:www.ijoem.com
Del Pino, A., Borges, A., Díaz, S., Suárez, D., & Rodríguez-Matos, I. (1990). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Tipo A de Framingham (ETAF). Psiquis, 9, 47-58.
Del Pino, A., Gaos, M.T., & Dorta, R. (1997). Validación cruzada de la escala Tipo A deFramingham y de la escala breve de Bortner en una muestra de varones canarios. Psicología Conductual, 5(3), 377-390.
Duncan, C. (1991). Type A behavior pattern, extraversion, neuroticism a psychological distress. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 64(1), 73-83.
Edwards, J.R., & Baglioni, A.J. (1991). Relationship between Type A behavior pattern and mental and physical symptoms: A comparison of global and component measures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(2), 276-290.
Edwards J.R., Baglioni, A.J., & Cooper, C.L. (1990). Stress, Type-A, coping and psychological and physical symptoms: A Multi-Sample Test of Alternative Models.Human Relations, 43(10), 919-956.Recuperadode http://www. hum. sagepub.com
Eysenck, H.J., (1967). The biological basis of personality. USA: Library of Congress.
Flodmark, B.T., & Aase, G. (1992). Musculoskeletal symptoms and type A behavior in blue collar workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49, 683-687. Recuperado de http//:www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov
Hambleton, R.K. (1996). Adaptación de tests para su uso en diferentes idiomas y culturas: Fuentes de error, posibles soluciones y directrices prácticas. En J.Muñiz (Ed.), Psicometría (pp.209-238). Madrid, España: Universitas.
Harkness, E.F., Macfarlane, G.J., Nahit, E.S., Silman, A.J., & McBeth, J. (2003). Risk factors for new-onset low back pain amongst cohorts of newly employed workers. Rheumatology, 42(8), 959-968. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg265
Haynes, S.G., Levine, S., Scotch, N., Feinleib, M., & Kannel, K. B. (1978). The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham study: Methods and risk factors. American Journal of Epidemiology, 107, 362-383.
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2006). Metodología de la Investigación. (4ta. ed.). México: Mc Graw Hill Interamericana.
Ho, V.N.Y.(2007). The effect of personality and coping Perceived Work Stress among the White-Collar Workforce in Hong Kong. Recuperadode: http://dspace.cityu.edu. hk/ bitstream/2031/5111/1/fulltext.html
Instituto de Ergonomía y Salud Ocupacional. (2007). Programa de Higiene Industrial de la Escuela Graduada de Salud Pública del Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Puerto Rico. Recuperado de http:// noticias.universia.pr/ciencia- nn-tt/ noticia/2007/10/22/135256/institutoergonomia-salud-ocupacional- 2007.html
Kelly, K.E., & Houston, B.K. (1985). Type A behavior in employed women: Relation to work, marital, and leisure variables, social support, stress, tension, and health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(4), 1067–1079.
Kuorinka, I., Jonsson, B., Kilbom, A., Vinterberg, H., Biering-Sorensen, F., & Anderson, G. (1987). Standardized nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics, 18, 233-237.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Leibovich, N., & Schufer, M. (2006). Evaluación psicológica de estrés por inestabilidad laboral. Argentina: Paidós.
Leino, P. (1989). Symptoms of stress predict musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 43, 293-300. Recuperado de http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov
Manning, G., Curtis, K., & Mc Millen, S. (2008). Stress: Living and working in achanging world. Minnesota: Whole Person Associates.
Matthews, K.A., & Haynes, S. (1986). Type A behavior pattern and coronary disease risk: Update and critical evaluation. American Journal of Epidemiology, 123, 923-960.
Mehrdad, R., Dennerlein, J.T., Aminian, O., & Haghighat, M. (2010). Association between psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders among Iranian nurses. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 53(10), 1032-1039. Recuperado de http//:www. onlinelibrary.wiley.com.doi:10.1002/ajim. 20869
National Research Council, Institute of Medicine. (2001). Musculoskeletal disorders andthe workplace: Low back pain and upper extremities. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press.
Padilla, V.M., Peña, J.A., & Arriaga, A.E. (2006). Patrones de personalidad A o B, estrés laboral y correlatos psicofisiológicos. Psicología y Salud, 16(1), 79-85. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.uamex.com
Pan American Health Organization. (2007). Salud en las Américas 2. Puerto Rico. Recuperado de http://www.paho.org
Quintero, N., Álvarez, V., Andújar, C., Rodríguez, I., & Rullán, C. (1994). Manual de la Escala de Estrés Laboral, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Carlos Albizu, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rosenman, R. H., Swan, G. E., & Carmelli, D. (1988). Definition, assessment, and evolution of the Type A behavior Pattern. En B.K. Houston & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Type A behavior pattern: Current trends and future directions (pp. 8-31). Nueva York: Wiley.
Schultz, D.P., & Schultz, S.E. (2002). Teorías de la Personalidad. (7 ed.). México: Thompson Editores.
Taylor, S.E., & Stanton, A. (2007). Coping resources, coping processes, and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 129-153. Recuperado de http//:www.taylorlab.psych.ucla.edu/
Vasseljen, O. Jr., & Westgaard, R. H. (1996). Can stress related shoulder and neck pain develop independently of muscle activity?. Pain, 64, 221-230