Metacognitive processes in the selection of behaviors issued by university students in bullying and cyberbullying

Main Article Content

Isabel Rosa Pantoja
Lydia Nacimiento Rodríguez
Joaquín A. Mora Merchán

Abstract

The cyberbullying and bullying are two phenomena that are getting a lot of attention in recent times, since quite often we turn to violent situations. This work aims to determine the relationship between the metacognitive processes and the strategies of coping (CS) issued in these situations in a sample consisting of 174 university students. The ECIPQ (Brighi et al., 2012a), EBIPQ (Brighi et al., 2012b), Brief-Cope (Perczek et al., 2000) and IHM (Nacimiento, Rosa and Mora-Merchán, 2012) questionnaires are applied. The variables are analyzed via analysis of binomial logistic and linear regression. The results show that there is indeed prediction between them, except for the metacognitive skills, which do not explain, directly, the degree of involvement as a victim in these situations, though they do so through the CS. Hence, the importance of considering the mental processes that take place before running the observable behaviors.

Keywords:
school harassment, cyberbullying, self-regulation, coping strategies, youth and adults

References

Aftab, P. (2010). What is Cyberbullying? Recuperado de http://aftab.com/index.php?page=cyberbullying

Alandette, Y. & Hoyos, O. (2009). Representaciones mentales sobre los tipos de agresión en escolares. Psicología desde el Caribe, 44, 1-25.

Betancourt, M., & Londoño, C. (2017). Factores sociodemográficos y psicosociales que diferencian la conducta prosocial y el acoso escolar en jóvenes. Informes Psicológicos, 17(1), 159-176. http:// dx.doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v17n1a09

Bornas, X. (1998). La autonomía personal en la infancia (2ªed.). México: Siglo Veintiuno.

Brighi, A., Ortega, R., Scheitauer, H., Smith, P. K., Tsormpatzoudis, C., Barkoukis, V. & Del Rey, R. (2012b). European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ). University of Bologna.

Brighi et al. (2012a). European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ). University of Bologna.

Calmaestra, J. (2016). Yo a eso no juego: Bullying y ciberbullying en la infancia. Save the Children.

Cerezo, F. (2009). Analysing bullying in Spanish Schools. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 9, 383-394.

Cerezo, F. (2009). Bullying: analisis de la situacion en las aulas espanolas. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 9(3), 383-394.

Costa, A.L. (1986). Mediating the Metacognitive. Mimeo.

Frydenberg, E. (1997). Adolescent coping. Theoretical and Research Perspectives. New York: Routledge.

Frydenberg, E. (2008). Adolescent coping. Advances in Theory, Research and Practice. London: Taylor & Francis Group.

Garaigordobil, M. (2011). Bullying y cyberbullying: programas y estrategias de prevención e intervención desde el contexto escolar y familiar. En FOCAD Formación Continuada a Distancia. XII Edición Enero-Abril 2011 (pp. 1-29). Madrid: Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos.

Garaigordobil, M. & Oñederra, J.A. (2010). La violencia entre iguales: Revisión teórica y estrategias de intervención. Madrid: Pirámide.

García, J.J., Moncada, R.M., & Quintero, J. (2013). El bullying y el suicidio en el escenario universitario. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 4(2), 298-310.

Haller, E., Child, D., & Walberg, H.J. (1988). Can comprehension be taught? a quantitative synthesis. Educational researcher, 17(9), 5-8.

Hayes, A.F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach. Nueva York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Houter, A. (2012). Reactieve en Proactieve agressie: invloed van cognitieve factoren, persoonlijke aspecten en sociale factoren (Tesis no publicada), Leiden University. Países Bajos

Ison, M. S. (2004). Características familiares y habilidades sociocognitivas en niños con conductas disruptivas. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 36, 257-268.

Kristensen, S.M. & Smith, P.K. (2003). The use of coping strategies by Danish children classed as bullies, victims, bully/victims, and not involved, in response to different (hypothetical) types of bullying. Scandinaviam Journal of Psychology, 44, 479-488.

Lazarus, R.S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stressm appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Lazarus, R.S. & Launier, R. (1978). Stress-related transactions between person and enviroment. En L.A. Pervin & M. Lewis (Eds.), Perspectives in interactional psychology (pp. 287-327). London: Plenum Press.

Medel, G., Vilanova, S., Biggio, C., García, M., & Martín, S. (2017). Estrategias meta-cognitivas y concepciones sobre el aprendizaje en la formación inicial de profesores universitarios del área de ciencias exactas y naturales. Informes Psicológicos, 17(1), 35-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v17n1a02

Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., Palladino, B. E., Frisén, A., Berne, S., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & Naruskov, K. (2012). Cyberbullying definition among adolescents: A comparison across six European countries. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 15(9), 455-463.

Mora-Merchán, J.A. (2006). Coping Strategies: Mediators of Long-Term Effects in Victims of Bullying? Anuario de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud. Annuary of Clinical and Health Psychology, 2, 15-25

Nacimiento, L. & Mora-Merchán, J.A. (2014). El Uso de Estrategias de Afrontamiento y Habilidades Metacognitivas ante Situciones de Bullying y Cyberbullying. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 7(2), 121-129.

Nacimiento, L., Rosa, I., & Mora-Merchán, J.A. (2012). Inventario de Habilidades Cognitivas.

Novo, M., Fariña, F., Seijo, D., & Arce, R. (2013). Eficacia del MMPI-A en casos forenses de acoso escolar: Simulación y daño psicológico. Psychosocial Intervention, 22, 33-40.

Olweus, D. (2004). Conductas de acoso y amenazas entre escolares. Madrid: Morata.

Olweus, D. & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus bullying prevention program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 124-134.

Ortega, R. & Mora-Merchán, J.A. (2000). Violencia escolar. Mito o realidad. Sevilla: Mergablum.

Paredes, O., Sanabria-Ferrand, P.A., González-Quevedo, L.A., & Moreno Rehalpe, S.P. (2010). “Bullying” en las facultades de Medicina colombianas, mito o realidad. Revista Med, 18(2), 161-172.

Patchin, J.W. & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4, 148-169.

Paul, S., Smith, P.K., & Blumberg, H.H. (2012). Revisiting cyberbullying in schools using the quality circle approach. School Psychology International, 33(5), 492-504.

Perczek, R., Carver, C.S., Price, A.A., & Pozo-Kaderman, C. (2000). Coping, mood, and aspects of personality in Spanish translation and evidence of convergence with English versions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 74, 63-87.

Pérez, M.C. & Gázquez, J.J. (2010). Variables relacionadas con la conducta violenta en la escuela según los estudiantes. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 10, 427-437

Perren, S., Corcoran, L., Cowie, H., Dehue, F., García, D.J., McGuckin, C., Sevcikova, A., Tsatsou, P., & Völlink, T. (2012). Tackling cyberbullying: Review of empirical evidence regarding successful responses by students, parents, and schools. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 6(2), 283-292.

Repetto, E. & Carvallo, R. (2014). La orientación metacognitiva y el desarrollo de la autoestima: evaluación del “programa de estrategias metacognitivas para el desarrollo humano”- Metacognitive guidance and development of self-esteem: evaluation of the" program of human development. REOP-Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía, 14(1), 17-40.

Rigby, K., & Smith, P. K. (2011). Is school bullying really on the rise? Social Psychology of Education, 14(4), 441-455.

Schenk, A. M., & Fremouw, W. J. (2012). Prevalence, psychological impact, and coping of cyberbully victims among college students. Journal of School Violence, 11(1), 21-37.

Schraw, G., Crippen, K. J., & Hartley, K. (2006). Promoting self-regulation in science education: Metacognition as part of a broader perspective on learning. Research in Science Education, 36(1-2), 111-139.

Shure, M. & Aberson, B. (2005). Enhancing the process of resilience through effective thinking. In S. Goldstein & R. B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of Resilience in Children (pp. 373-396). Nueva York: Springer-Verlag.

Shure, M. (1999). Preventing violence the problem-solving way. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Recuperado de http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/172847.pdf

Smith, P.K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385.

Torres, M. T. (2010). El problema de la violencia entre universitarios abordado desde el enfoque de la Investigación-Participación-Acción. Investigación Universitaria Multidisciplinaria, 9(9), 27-36.

Undheim, A. M., & Sund, A. M. (2010). Prevalence of bullying and aggressive behavior and their relationship to mental health problems among 12 to 15-year-old Norwegian adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 803-811.

Wright, M., Banerjee, R., Hoek, W., Rieffe, C., & Novin, S. (2010). Depression and social anxiety in children: Differential links with coping strategies. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 405-419.

Zaldívar, F., Luciano, M. C, Gómez, I., & Berrocal, C. (2002). Evaluación en adolescentes de actuaciones violentas y sentimientos y pensamientos de intolerancia hacia otros. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 122, 868-904.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.