Explanatory models of suicidal behavior: a systematic review
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Abstract
Suicide is a complex and multifactorial public health issue that requires the analysis of individual, social and contextual variables in order to guide prevention and intervention strategies. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the factors associated with behaviors across the suicidal spectrum, based on explanatory models supported by empirical studies published between 2013 and 2023 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Scielo. Twenty articles were selected and systematized using the PRISMA methodology. The results show that the variables with the greatest explanatory value for suicidal ideation, attempts, and risk were those proposed by the interpersonal theory of suicide, hopelessness, and psychological disorders. In contrast, habit formation and aggregate consumption capacity, from a macroeconomic perspective, more strongly explained the variance of completed suicide. It is concluded that prevention requires multidimensional approaches that articulate clinical interventions with public policies sensitive to individual, social, and economic factors.
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