Multilevel Governance and Regulatory Fragmentation: Towards Smart and Integrated Mobility in the Aburrá Valley
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Abstract
This article critically analyzes the legal, institutional, and technological barriers hindering the consolidation of an integrated mobility system in the Aburrá Valley Metropolitan Area (AMVA). Based on the conceptual framework of multilevel governance and a mixed-methods approach –including documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews with key institutional actors, and a survey of 170 public transport users– the study highlights the functional fragmentation of the system and the lack of a metropolitan authority with real competencies in transit and transport. Findings reveal gaps in technological interoperability, fare integration, institutional coordination, and financing. In response, six coordinated strategies are proposed: reform of Law 1625 of 2013, effective transfer of competencies, creation of a Metropolitan Mobility Council, a progressive fare policy, a metropolitan interoperability platform, and a regional smart mobility fund. These proposals aim to reduce territorial inequalities, guarantee the right to mobility, and promote a more efficient, evidence-based, and cooperative governance model.
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