Evolution of Gender Perspective in Papal Discourses: An Analysis from 1939 to the Present

Abstract

This study analyzes the evolution of gender perspective in papal speeches. To this end, all speeches in Spanish delivered by the Popes from 1939 to the present have been collected, observing the frequency of mentions of women and the contextual words associated with the term "woman." The results demonstrate a significant correlation between this evolution and changes in the role of women in society. Historically, women were primarily conceived as central figures in the home, fulfilling traditional roles of wife, mother, and caregiver, which was reflected in the early years of the analyzed speeches. Over time, the roles of women have undergone profound changes, driven by various women's rights movements, which have transformed their role in society. These changes are evident in more recent speeches, especially those delivered by Pope Francis I, where the term "woman" is used in a variety of contexts, not only as a mother but also as a worker and active participant in public life. This analysis reveals how the gender perspective in papal speeches has been influenced by contemporary societal changes, showing an evolution towards a broader and more diverse recognition of women's roles.