Coptic liturgical texts relating to Agathon the Stylite
Main Article Content
Abstract
While Egypt was the cradle of monasticism since Antony, the stylite type of monasticism is rarely represented in the Coptic corpus of monastic literature. Hence every text will contribute to our knowledge. In this article, we will highlight the importance of the city of Sakha, in the book of history of the Patriarchs, the book of the Churches and Monasteries (twelfth century). The liturgical texts relating to this saint are exceedingly rare, hence the importance publishing all texts. We will edit, translate all the liturgical texts relating to one of this group, we were able to find a doxology Batos not attested in most of the manuscripts as well as the texts of the Antiphonarion (Difnar). It is important to mention that this saint lived in Lower-Egypt around the sixth-seventh century which means that it was around the time of important events such as the usurper of Phocas, the Persian invasion, the Byzantine reconquest, and the Arabic conquest. He was influenced by the biography of the great Simon the Stylite. Nowadays, no traces of his cult survive in Sakha which explains the rarity of manuscripts containing anything relating to this saint, however Sakha is nowadays known as a step of the journey of the Holy Family.
References
‘Abd al-Masih, Y. (1941). Doxlogies in the Coptic Church -unedited Bohairic doxologies I Tût –Kyahk. Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte 731-61.
‘Abd al-Masih, Y. & Burmester, O.H.E. (1943) History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church known as the History of the holy Church, volume 2 part 1, Khaël II –Shenouti I, Textes et documents. Le Caire: Société d’Archéologie Copte.
Atiya, A. S., ‘Abd al-Masih Y. & Burmester, O.H.E. (1948). History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church known as the History of the holy Church, volume 2 part 2, Khaël III –Šenouti II, Textes et documents. Le Caire: Société d’Archéologie Copte.
Atiya, A. S. ‘Abd al-Masih Y. and Burmester, O.H.E. (1959). History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church known as the History of the holy Church, volume 2 part 3, Christodoulus –Michael, Textes et documents. Le Caire: Société d’Archéologie Copte.
Atiya, A. S. (1991). “Abu Jirja”. Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 1. New York: MacMillan.
Atiya, A.S. (1991). “Harit al-Rum”. Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 4. New York: MacMillan.
Al-Suriani, S. (1984). Tarikh al-kana'is wal-'adyara. Cairo: Coptic Institute.
Al-Suriani, S. (1990). Icônes et iconographie d'après le manuscrit d'Abu el-Makarim, publié en arabe au Caire 1984. Le Monde Copte (18), 78.
Basset, R. (1904). Le Synaxaire Arabe Jacobite, (rédaction Copte), 2 Mois de tout et de Babeh. Patrologia Orientalis 1.3 (3). Paris: Firmin-Didot.
Burmester, O.H.E. (1938). The Turuhat of the Saints (Tût, Bâbah, Hatûr). Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte (4), 141-194.
Butler, A. J. (1887). The Ancient Coptic Churches of Egypt. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Chaîne, M. (1948). La vie et les miracles de saint Syméon stylite l’ancien, Bibliothèque d’Études Coptes 3. Le Caire: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale.
Coquin, R.G. (1975). Le Calendrier Copte des fêtes de saints chez al-Qalqašandî. Parole de l’Orient, 6(7), 375-411.
Coquin, R.G. (1991). “Abraham and George of Scetis, saints,” Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 1. New York: MacMillan.
Cramer M. and Krause, M. (2008). Das koptische Antiphonar, Jerusalemer Theologisches Forum 12. Münster: Aschendorff Verlag.
De Fenoyl, M. (1960). Les sanctoral Copte, Recherches publiés sous la direction de l’Institut de Lettres Orientales de Beyrouth 15. Beyrouth: l’Institut de Lettres Orientales.
Den Heijer, J. (1993). The Composition of the History of the Churches and Monasteries of Egypt -Some preliminary remarks. In Acts of the Fifth International Congress of Coptic Studies Washington 12-15 August 1992. D. Johnson, (ed .). Roma: CMCL.
Den Heijer, J. (2007). Le vizir fatimide Badr al-Ğamālī (466/1074-487/1094) et la nouvelle muraille du Caire: Quelques remarques préliminaires. Egypt and Syria (5), 91-107.
Detlef, G. & Müller, C. (1991). “Agathon of Alexandria”. Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 1. New York: MacMillan.
Detlef, G. & Müller, C. (1991). “Zacharias, Saint”. Coptic Encyclopedia, A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 7. New York: MacMillan.
Evelyn-White. H. G. (1932). The Monasteries of the Wadi ’n Natrun, Part 2. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Arts.
Evetts B.T. & Butler, A.J. (1895). The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and some Neighbouring countries, attributed to Abû Salih the Armenian. Oxford.
Evetts, B. T. (1909). History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, III Agathon to Michael I (766). Patrologia Orientalis 1, 4(4).
Forget, I. (1905). ”Synaxarium Alexandrinum”. Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium 1 Arabic 18. Paris: Poussielgue.
Fraser, P. M. (1991). “Arab conquest of Egypt”. Coptic Encyclopedia, A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 1. New York: MacMillan.
Gabra, G. (1996). Untersuchungen zum Difnar der Koptischen Kirche. Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte (35), 37-52.
Gabra, G. (1998). Untersuchungen zum Difnar der Koptischen Kirche. Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte (37), 48-69.
Hulsman, C. (2002). Tracing the route of the Holy Family Today. Be thou there, the Holy Family’s journey in Egypt, G. Gabra (ed.) (pp.50-52). Cairo-New York: The American University in Cairo Press.
Hyvernat, H. (1886-1887). Les Actes des martyrs de l'Égypte tirés des manuscrits coptes de la Bibliothèque Vaticane et du Musée Borgia. Paris.
Khater A. and Burmester, O.H.E. (1970). History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church, Textes et documents 13. Le Caire: Société d’Archéologie Copte.
Krause M. ( 2003). Das koptische Antiphonar aus dem Handschriften von Hamuli. In Agypten –Münster, Kulturwissenschaftliche Sutdien zu Agypten, dem Vorderen Orient und verwandeten Gebieten (Festschrift E. Graefe). Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag.
Labib, S. Y. (1991). “Cosmas II”. Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 2. New York: MacMillan.
Labib, S. Y. (1991). “Cyril II”. Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 3. New York: MacMillan.
Labib, S. Y. (1991). “Kha’il I”. Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 4. New York: MacMillan.
Labib, S. Y. (1991). “Kha’il III”, Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 5. New York: MacMillan.
Maraval, P. (1985). Lieux saints et pèlerinages d’Orient- Histoire et géographie des origines à la conquête arabe. Paris: Cerf.
Martin, M. (1997). Le Delta chrétien à la fin du XII° s. Orientalia Christiana Periodica (63), 181-199.
Martin, M. (1998). Alexandrie chrétienne à la fin du XII° d'après Abû l-Makârim. Alexandrie médiévale 1, edited by C. Décobert and J.Y. Empereur, Études alexandrines 3. Cairo: Centre d’Études Alexandrine.
Martin, M. (2000). Chrétiens et musulmans à la fin du XII° siècle. Valeur et distance: Identités et Sociétés en Égypte. Paris.
Martin, M. (2004). Dévotions populaires au Caire à la fin du XIIe siècle. Aegyptus Christiana, Mélanges d’Hagiographie Égyptienne et Orientale dédiés à la mémoire du P. Paul Devos Bollandiste, U. Zanetti et Enzo Lucchesi, (eds.). Cahiers d’Orientalisme XXV, Genève: Patrick Cramer.
Meinardus, O.F.A. (1970). Christian Egypt faith and life. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
Meinardus, O.F.A. (1977).Christian Egypt Ancient and Modern. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
Meinardus, O.F.A., (1999). Two thousands year of Coptic Christianity. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
Mekhaiel, N. (2010). Untersuchungen zur Entstehungs-und Überliegerungsgeschichte des koptischen Difnars. Jerusalemer Theologisches Forum (14). Münster: Aschendorff Verlag.
Moawad, S. (2014). “Coptic Historiography”. Coptic Civilization two Thousands years of Christianity in Egypt. Gawdat Gabra (editor) A Saint Mark Foundation Book. Cairo New York: American University in Cairo Press.
Mouton J-M. and Popescu-Belis,A. (2006). Une description du monastère Sainte-Catherine du Sinaï au XIIe siècle: Le manuscrit d’Abū l-Makārim. Arabica (53), 1-53.
Nau, F. (1913). Les Ménologes des évangéliaires Coptes-Arabes. Patrologia Orientalis 10. 2(47). Paris: Firmin-Didot.
Papaconstatinou, A. (2001). Le Culte des Saint en Égypte des Byzantins aux Abbassides, l’apport des inscriptions et des papyrus grecs et coptes. Le Monde Byzantin. Paris: CNRS.
Porcher, E. (1915). Mina, évêque de Pchati, Vie d’Isaac, patriarche d’Alexandrie de 686- 689. Patrologia Orientalis 11(3). Paris: Firmin-Didot.
Sadek, A. et B. (2017). Un fleuve d’eau vive trilogie sur l’entrée du Christ en Égypte, Tome 2, Les sites guide du voyageur. Le Monde Copte : Limoges.
Stewart, R. (1991). “Sakha”. Coptic Encyclopedia, A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 7.New York: MacMillan.
Seybold, C. F. (1904). Severus ben El Moqaffa‘, Historia Patriarcharum Alexandrinum, 1(1), Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium 52. Paris: Carolus Poussielgue.
Seybold, C. F. (1912). Severus Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ Alexandrinische Patriarchen-geschichte von S. Marcus bis Michael 61-767. Hamburg: Lucas Gräfe.
Sidarus, A. Y. (1975). Ibn ar-Râhibs Leben un Werk. Islmakundliche Untersuchengen Band 36. Freiburg: Klaus Schawrz Verlag.
Timm, S. (1986-1992). Das christlich-koptische Ägypten in arabischer Zeit. Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients 41. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag.
Tisserant, E. (1913). Le calendrier d’Aboul-Barakat. Patrologia Orientalis 10.3(48). Paris: Firmin-Didot.
Viaud, G. (1979). Les pèlerinages Coptes en Égypte d’après les notes du Qommos Jacob Muyser. Bibliothèque d’Études Coptes 15. Le Caire: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale.
Viaud, G. (1991). “Pilgrimages” Coptic Encyclopedia. A.S. Atiya (ed.) volume 6. New York: MacMillan.
Youssef, Y.N. (1998-1999). Multiconfessional churches in Egypt during the XII Century. Bulletin of Saint Shenouda the Archmandrite Coptic Society (5), 45-54.
Youssef, Y.N. (2001). Ancient and Modern legends concerning the Holy Family in Egypt. Coptic Church Review 22(3), 71-76.
Youssef, Y. N. (2004). The Arabic life of Severus of Antioch attributed to Athanasius. Patrologia Orientalis 49, 4(220). Pontificio Istituto Orientale –Roma. Turnhout: Brepols.
Youssef, Y. N. (2006). A Homily on Severus of Antioch by a bishop of Assiut. Patrologia Orientalis 50, 1(222). Pontificio Istituto Orientale –Roma. Turnhout: Brepols.
Zanetti, U. (1995). Abu L-Makarim et Abu Salih. Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte (34), 85-133.
Zanetti, U. (1996). Vie de S. Jean, Higoumène de Scété au VIIe siècle. Analecta Bollandiana (114), 273-405.
Zanetti, U. (2015). S. Jean, Higoumène de Scété (VIIe siècle). Vie Arabe et épitomé éthiopien. Subsidia Hagiographica (94). Bruxelles: Société des Bollandistes.