Desastres locales a soluciones globales: la percepción social del riesgo en la gestión de Riesgos Catastróficos Globales (RCG)
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Los Riesgos Catastróficos Globales (RCG) representan una amenaza apremiante para la humanidad, con el potencial de afectar a una escala global y poner en peligro la continuidad de la civilización. A pesar de su gravedad, la inversión en la mitigación de estos riesgos sigue siendo limitada, debido a varios factores como la competencia por recursos y las percepciones de estos riesgos por parte de comunidades y tomadores de decisiones. Este artículo aborda cómo la percepción social del riesgo desempeña un papel fundamental en la gestión de RCG, considerando que las comunidades evalúan y responden a los riesgos de manera subjetiva, influenciada por factores culturales, sociales e históricos. Se argumenta que comprender esta dimensión puede mejorar la gestión de RCG y reducir su impacto. Para ello, se examinan tres casos de estudio que ilustran cómo la percepción social del riesgo ha influido en la gestión de riesgos a menor escala, considerando factores como la coordinación internacional, las políticas de Estado y el conocimiento experto. Por último, se exploran los beneficios de incorporar esta perspectiva en riesgos de mayor escala, como una mejor toma de decisiones, mayor resiliencia comunitaria y mejor identificación de medidas de gestión.
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