Biologia da linguagem desde a afasia pós ataque cerebrovascular: reporte de três casos e revisão do assunto
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A linguagem, capacidade própria do ser humano de comunicar-se e interagir com seus pares, encontra-se determinado por um complexo conjunto de redes neuronais inicialmente descritas de ordem unicamente cortical, e na atualidade descritas de ordem cortico-subcortical relacionadas entre si. Sua funcionalidade se vê afetada com frequência por múltiplas etiologias. A principal causa de afasia adquirida é o ataque cerebrovascular. É objetivo documentar e descrever os circuitos cortico-subcorticais da linguagem alterados em pacientes com afasia pós ACV, mediante o reporte de três casos e revisão de tema sobre as redes neurológicas da linguagem. Três pacientes pós ACV de áreas irrigadas pela artéria cerebral média do hemisfério esquerdo, com lesão de várias estruturas corticais e subcorticais. Em todos se encontrou dano em áreas diferentes a Broca e Wernicke predominando alterações em estruturas da rede dorsal da linguagem. Nos pacientes reportados o dano vascular se centrou em estruturas da rede dorsal da linguagem no hemisfério dominante, comprometendo estruturas corticais e subcorticais simultaneamente, aspecto que se relaciona com a complexidade de estruturas, redes e mecanismos envolvidos na linguagem humana. São estruturas da linguagem: ínsula, núcleo caudado, região mesial temporal, adicional às clássicas áreas perisilvianas esquerda, que de maneira global e interconectadas a partir de correntes de processamento cortical, produzem a linguagem.
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Referências
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