Biología del lenguaje desde la afasia post ataque cerebrovascular: reporte de tres casos y revisión de tema
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El lenguaje, capacidad propia del ser humano para comunicarse e interactuar con sus pares, se encuentra determinado por un complejo conjunto de redes neuronales inicialmente descritas de orden únicamente cortical y, en la actualidad, descritas de orden cortico-subcortical relacionadas entre sí. Su funcionalidad se ve afectada, a menudo, por múltiples etiologías. La principal causa de afasia adquirida es el ataque cerebrovascular. El objetivo es documentar y describir los circuitos cortico-subcorticales del lenguaje alterados en pacientes con afasia post ACV, mediante el reporte de tres casos y revisión de tema sobre las redes neurológicas del lenguaje. Tres pacientes post ACV de áreas irrigadas por la arteria cerebral media del hemisferio izquierdo, con lesión de varias estructuras corticales y subcorticales. En todos se encontró daño en áreas diferentes a Broca y Wernicke y predominan alteraciones en estructuras de la red dorsal del lenguaje. En los pacientes reportados el daño vascular se centró en estructuras de la red dorsal del lenguaje en el hemisferio dominante, se comprometen estructuras corticales y subcorticales simultáneamente, aspecto que se relaciona con la complejidad de estructuras, redes y mecanismos involucrados en el lenguaje humano. Son estructuras del lenguaje: ínsula, núcleo caudado, región mesial temporal, adicional a las clásicas áreas perisilvianas izquierdas que, de manera global e interconectadas a partir de corrientes de procesamiento cortical, producen el lenguaje.
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