Scent in Hebrew Worship
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article presents an exegetic and theological approach to the issue of scent and its use in the Hebrew cult, such as it is described in the Book of Genesis. It focuses on Noah's offering to YHWH after the Flood (Gen. 8:15 - 9:7), paying further attention to verse 21 of chapter eight, which is considered by some cultural anthropologists as the decisive evidence that YHWH and the gods of the Ancient Near East had the very same nature. The uses of scent in Hebrew worship are compared and contrasted to current practices of the studied biblical writing. It also emphasizes the peculiarity of Hebrew thought, thus questioning statements made by Cultural Anthropology in which it is claimed that the use of scents in the rituals of Hebrew worship has the same theological origin than that of other religions of that time.
References
Anderson, Gary. (1987). Sacrifices and Offerings in Ancient Israel: Studies in their Social andPolitical Importance. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
Branson, Robert D. (2009). Shifting Paradigms for Interpreting Genesis 1-11. Wesleyan Theological Journal. 44, 1.
Brown, Francis. (1979). The New Brown-Driver-Briggs-Gesenius Hebrew and English Lexicon. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers.
Caird, Gorge B. (1980). The Language and Imagery of the Bible. London: Duckworth.
Craig C. Broyles. (2201). Interpreting the Old Testament: A Guide for Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Cassuto, Umberto. (1997). A Commentary on the Book of Genesis. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, The Hebrew University.
Fisher, Eugene. (1970). Gilgamesh and Genesis: The Flood story in context. Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 32.
Gane, Roy. (2008). Ritual and Rhetoric in Leviticus: from sacrifice to scripture. Catholic Biblical Quarterly (CBQ) 70, no. 31.
Gispert, Carlos. (1987). Diccionario Ilustrado Océano de la Lengua Española. Barcelona: Ediciones Océano, S.A.
Hess, Richard S. (1978). One Hundred Years of Comparison Studies on Genesis 1-11: Ancient Near Easter, Literary and Near Eastern Approach to Genesis 1-11. Richard S. Hess y David Toshio Tsumura (Eds.). Glasgow Bible College.
Hall, Kevin. (2001). The theology of Genesis 1-11. Southwestern Journal of Theology,44, 1.
Gingerich, Owen. (1993). Space, Time, and Beyond: Place of God in the Cosmos. Apaper presented for the 1992 Gross MemorialLecture at Valparaiso University. Valparaiso, IN.
Jenson, Philip. (2006). Sacrifice and symbol: Biblical Selamim in a ritual perspective. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament (JSOT) 30, 5.
Jon D. Levenson. (1987). Justice and Righteousness in Israel and the Nations: Equality and Freedom in Ancient Israel in Light of Social Justice in Ancient Near East. Journal of Biblical Language, 106, 3.
Joan Scurlock. (1998). The Techniques of Sacrifice of Animal in Israel and Ancient Mesopotamia: New Insight Through Comparison, Part 2. A Andrews University Study. Vol 44. 2.
Kathryn Mcklymond. (2004). The nature and elements in sacrificial ritual, Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 6, 4.
Klawans, Jonathan. (1977). Purity, Sacrifice, and the Temple: Symbolism and Supersessionism in the Study of Ancient Judaism. Journal for the Study of Ancient Judaism 1.
King, M. A. (1984). The Burnt Offering: A Sweet Aroma to God. Moody Monthly,1984.
Leach, Edmund R. (1968). "Ritual". International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 13 vols. David L. Sills (Ed.). New York: The Free Press.
Mathews, K. A. (1996). Geneisis 1-11: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Scripture. Nashville: Broadman and Holman Publishing.
Muller, Reihhard. (2008). Jahweals Wettergott: Studienzur Althebruischen Kutlyrick anhand ausgewahhtler Psalmaen. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Nakhai, Beth Albert. (201). Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel. en Arqueology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Asor Books 7 vol., ed., Victor Mattews. Boston MA: American School of Oriental Research.
Oswalt, John N. (2009). The Bible Among the Myths: Unique Revelation or just Ancient Literature? Gran Rapids: Zondervan.
Romerowski, Sylvain. (2007). Old Testament Sacrifices and Reconciliation. European Journal of Theology, 16, 1.
Stuart, Douglas. (2000). OldTestament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors. Kentucky: John Knox Press.
Turner, Laurence A. Genesis (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000), 50-51; H.C. Leupold, Exposition of Genesis, 1 vol. Grand Rapids, Mcihigan: Baker Book House, 1990.
Waltke, Bruce K. (2007). An Old Testament Theology: An Exegetical, Canonical, and Thematic approach. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
Wenham, Gordon J. (2008). "Genesis", en Theological Interpretation of the Old Testament: A book by book survey, ed. Kevin J. Vanhoozer. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
William W. Hallo, William W. y K. Lawson eds.. (2003). The Context of Scripture, vol 1. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Wulf, David. (1992). Current Studies on Rituals: Perspectives for the Psychology of Religion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 31, 2.