Do not say fake news; say disinformation: a review article about the fake news phenomenon and its implications
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Abstract
Fake news has become a worldwide phenomenon in relation to the consumption of online information. This article aims to analyze the disinformation and fake news concept, its implications and consequences as well as to provoke a reflection on the phenomenon and its discursive appropriation. Moreover, this article proposes replacing the concept of fake news with disinformation for four reasons: fake news does not cover all the dimensions of disinformation that abound on the Internet (failed media, hoaxes, biased or misleading content, manipulated information, or propaganda); the term is an oxymoron; it has been taken over by political discourse to discredit the work of journalists; and there is an underlying economic and ideological motivation in generating fake news. In contrast, disinformation refers to the distortion of information by spreading false news that deceives the final recipient. In response to the trend of disinformation, fact- hecking journalism is apparently the only real firewall with the goal of improving the quality of public debate.
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