Construção e validação de um questionário para avaliar o burnout acadêmico em estudantes da área da saúde
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Objetivo: o burnout acadêmico (BA) pode ocorrer no contexto universitário, é caracterizado por um estado de esgotamento vital que afeta a saúde física e mental dos alunos, o que gera uma diminuição no desempenho acadêmico. Esse problema aparece com mais frequência em programas universitários com altas demandas acadêmicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir e avaliar a estrutura fatorial de um questionário acadêmico de graduação em estudantes de medicina, enfermagem e psicologia.
Metodologia: Os participantes foram 710 estudantes de ciências da saúde (40,8% homens e 59,2 % mulheres), de 16 a 33 anos (M = 20,42 anos, DT = 3 anos). A validade de construto foi avaliada por meio de análise fatorial exploratória (EFA) e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC); além disso, a consistência interna foi calculada usando a estatística alfa de Cronbach.
Resultados: o questionário de burnout acadêmico (CBA-24) foi composto por 24 itens e uma estrutura fatorial de quatro dimensões (exaustão emocional, cinismo em relação ao estudo, cinismo em relação às pessoas e realização pessoal). Com o teste, avaliou-se o nível de desconforto emocional diante das demandas do ambiente acadêmico. Os índices de ajuste atingiram valores altos no modelo proposto, portanto, o modelo de quatro fatores atendeu aos critérios para considerar que o ajuste é adequado em todos os índices e apresentou uma estrutura multidimensional. Esses índices foram agrupados de acordo com a taxonomia proposta.
Conclusões: o questionário permitiu identificar de forma ecológica o construto BA ajustado às demandas dos contextos universitários.
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