Beliefs, Religious Practices, and Sense of Life in Older Adults During the Confinement Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Article Sidebar
Downloads
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between the sense of life, religious or spiritual beliefs and practices, and religious social support in older adults who profess a religion during the confinement caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A non-experimental descriptive correlational cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of forty-seven non-institutionalized older adults who professed a religion. The PIL scale revealed high levels of a sense of purpose in life, and the SBI-15R scale identified strong religious and spiritual beliefs and high religious social support. At the correlational level, it was found that religious and spiritual beliefs and practices had a positive correlation with the sense of life, and furthermore, that the greater the religious social support, the greater the sense of achievement in the older individuals in this study. It was concluded that religious or spiritual beliefs and practices and religious social support derived from the community that shares those beliefs are related to the sense of life, and especially religious social support is linked to a sense of achievement.
References
Aquino, A. T., Gouveia, V. V., Gomes, E.S. y Melo de Sá, L. B. (2017). La percepción de sentido de la vida en el ciclo vital: una perspectiva temporal. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 35(2), 375-386. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.3728
Ardelt, M. & Ferrari, M. (2019). Effects of wisdom and religiosity on subjective well-being in old age and young adulthood: exploring the pathways through mastery and purpose in life. International Psychogeriatrics, 31(4), 477-489. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610218001680
Beltrán, W. M. (2019). Aportes a la comprensión de la increencia en Colombia. Theologica Xaveriana, 188, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.Tx69-188.acic
Carrascosa, R., Vázquez, M. y Canga A. D. (2010). Successful Aging: un enfoque holístico. Gerokomos, 21(4), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1134-928X2010000400002
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). Quarantine and isolation. https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/index.html
Crego, A., Yela, J. R., Gómez-Martínez, M. A. y Sánchez-Zaballos, E. (2019). La experiencia de significado en la vida como variable mediadora de la relación entre religiosidad y ajuste psicológico. Universitas Psychologica, 18(5), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy18-5.esvv
Cipolletta, S. & Gris, F. (2021). Older People’s Lived Perspectives of Social Isolation during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. International Journal Environment Reserch Public Health, 18(22), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211832
Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos (Colpsic) (2014). Perfil y competencias del Psicólogo en Colombia, en el contexto de la salud. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/TH/Psicologia_Octubre2014.pdf
Ley 1090 de 2006. (2006, 6 de septiembre). Congreso de la República (2006). Código Deontológico y Bioético y otras disposiciones. https://www.colpsic.org.co/wp-content/ uploads/2021/03/Ley-1090-de-2006-anotaciones-jurisprudencia.pdf
Crumbaugh, J. C. & Maholick, L. T. (1964). An experimental study in existentialism: The psychometric approach to Frankl’s concept of noogenic neurosis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20, 589-596. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/1097-4679(196404)20:2<200::aidjclp2270200203> 3.0.co;2-u
DANE (2018). Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisti-cas-por-tema/ demografia-y-poblacion/censo-nacional-de-poblacion-y-vivenda-2018/cuantos-somos
The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging (2019). In R. Fernández-Ballesteros, A. Benetos, & J. Robine (Eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging (pp. I-II). Cambridge University Press.
Frankl, V. E. (1994). La voluntad de sentido. Conferencias escogidas sobre Logoterapia. Herder.
Fedesarrollo y Fundación Saldarriaga Concha. (2015). Misión Colombia Envejece: cifras, retos y recomendaciones. Editorial Fundación Saldarriaga Concha.
Gallego, J. F., García, J. y Pérez, E. (2007). Factores del test Purpuse on Life y religiosidad. Universitas Psychologica, 6(2), 213-229. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=64760202
Goins, R. T., Anderson, E., Minick, H., & Daniels, H. (2021). Older Adults in the United States and COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions, Finances, Coping, and Emotions. Front Public Health, 24(9), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.660536
Gutiérrez-Cortes, W.A. (2020). Papel del geriatra colombiano ante la pandemia por COVID-19. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 55(6), 358-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.06.010
George, L.S. & Park, C.L. (2016). Meaning in life as comprehension, purpose, and mattering: Toward integration and new research questions. Review of General Psychology, 20(3), 205-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000077
Gomez, F., Corchuelo, J., Curcio, C. L., Calzada, M. T., & Mendez, F. (2016). Sabe Colombia: Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Colombia-Study Design and Protocol. Current Gerontology Geriatric Research, 2016, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7910205
Hart, C. W., & Koenig, H. G. (2020). Religion and Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal Religion Health, 59(3), 1141-1143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01042-3
Hedberg, P., Brulin, C. & Aléx, L. (2009). Experiences of purpose in life when becoming and being a very old woman. Journal Women Aging, 21(2), 125-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952840902837145
Holland, J. C., Kash, K. M., Passik, M. K., Gronert, M. K., Sison, A., Lederberg, M., Russak, S. M., Baider, L. & Fox, B. (1998). A brief spiritual beliefs inventory for use in quality of life research in Life-Threatening Illness. Psychooncology, 7(6), 460-469. https://doi. org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(199811/12)7:6<460::AID-PON328>3.0.CO;2-R
Kahana, E., Kahana, B., Lee, & J. E. (2014). Proactive approaches to successful aging: One clear path through the forest. Gerontology, 60(5), 466-474. https://doi.org/10.1159/000360222
Koenig, H. G. (2020). Ways of Protecting Religious Older Adults from the Consequences of COVID-19. American Journal of Geriatrics Psychiatry, 28(7), 776-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.004
Mahamid, F.A, & Bdier, D. (2021). The Association between Positive Religious Coping, Perceived Stress, and Depressive Symptoms during the Spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) among a sample of adults in Palestine: Across Sectional Study. Journal Religious Health, 60(1), 34-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01121-5
Malone, J. & Dadswell, A. (2018). The Role of Religion, Spirituality and/or Belief in Positive Ageing for Older Adults. Geriatrics, 3(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3020028
Martela, F. & Steger, M. F. (2016). The three meanings of meaning in life: Distinguishing coherence, purpose, and significance. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(5), 531- 545. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1137623
Martínez, E., Trujillo, A. y Trujillo, C. (2012). Validación del Test de Propósito Vital (PIL Test - Purpose in Life Test) para Colombia. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 3, 85-93. https://www.cienciared.com.ar/ra/doc.php?n=1635
Monterrosa-Castro, Á., Monterrosa-Blanco, A., & González-Sequeda, A. (2021). Perceived Loneliness and Severe Sleep Disorders in Adult Women during the Covid-19 Quarantine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Colombia. Journal of Primare Care Community Health, 12, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211025170
Pot, A. M, Michel, J. P., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., Epping-Jordan, J. E., Peeters, G. M., Mahanani, W. R., Thiyagarajan, J. A. & Chatterji, S. (2016). The World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing. Lancet, 387(10033), 2145-2154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4
Reyes-Ortiz, C. A., Payan, C., Altamar, G., Montes, J. F. G. & Koenig, H. G. (2020). Religiosity and depressive symptoms among older adults in Colombia. Aging Mental Health. 11, 1879-1885. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1660851
Reyes-Ortiz, C.A., Payan, C., Altamar, G., Gomez, F. & Koenig, H.G. (2019). Religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia. Colombia Médica, 50(2), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v50i2.4012
Rigoli, F. (2021). The Link between COVID-19, Anxiety, and Religious Beliefs in the United States and the United Kingdom. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(4), 2196-2208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01296-5
Rivera, A. y Montero, M. (2005). Espiritualidad y religiosidad en adultos mayores mexicanos. Salud Mental, 28(6), 51-58. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_ arttext&pid=S0185-33252005000600051&lng=es&tlng=es
Riveros, F., Bernal, L., Bohórquez, D., Vinaccia, S. y Quiceno, J. M. (2018). Inventario de sistema de creencias (SBI-15R) en Colombia: estructura factorial y confiabilidad en población universitaria y pacientes crónicos. Revista Colombiana de Enfermería, 17, 13- 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18270/rce.v17i13.2103
Scelzo, A., Di Somma, S., Antonini, P., Montross, L. P., Schork, N., Brenner, D. & Jeste, D. V. (2018). Mixed-methods quantitative-qualitative study of 29 nonagenarians and centenarians in rural Southern Italy: focus on positive psychological traits. International Psychogeriatrics, 30(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610217002721
Schaie, W. F. & Willis, S. (2021). Handbook of the psychology of aging. Academic Press. Tamayo, F. J., Baracaldo, L. I., Valencia, S. L., Ortega, D., y Giraldo, M. M. (2021). Índice de envejecimiento activo en Colombia: análisis basado en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE Colombia 2015). Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 45, e69. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2021.69
Tiilikainen, E., Lisko, I., Kekkonen, E., Solomon, A., Ngandu, T., Kivipelto, M., & Kulmala J. (2021). Everyday Life Meaningfulness for the Community-Dwelling Oldest Old during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716428
Trejos-Herrera, A. M., Vinaccia, S., & Bahamón, M. J. (2020). Coronavirus in Colombia: Stigma and quarantine. Journal Global Health, 10(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020372
World Health Organization (WHO) (2015). Word report and ageing and health 2015. WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186463