Gravidez, trauma obstétrico e seus efeitos sobre o piso pélvico. Revisão da literatura
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Os transtornos do piso pélvico são uma condição que afeta a 30% das mulheres de todas as idades, e incluem um leque de patologias anatómicas e funcionais que, embora não alteram a supervivência das pacientes, sim afetam em grande medida sua qualidade de vida. Dentro destas patologias encontramos a incontinência urinaria e fecal, o prolapso de órgãos pélvicos e a disfunção sexual. A importância do tema radica em que os transtornos do piso pélvico são mais frequentes depois da gravidez e do parto pelas mudanças inerentes à gravidez em si e pelo trauma obstétrico que são fatores de risco conhecidos e que podem estar associados com sequelas graves do piso pélvico. É por isso que se devem prever possíveis complicações no trabalho de parto que possam aumentar o risco de transtornos do piso pélvico e implementar certas estratégias de prevenção e de intervenções seguras, que minimizem os danos e as sequelas que se produzem em longo prazo. A continuação faremos uma revisão da literatura sobre as mudanças fisiológicas da gravidez no piso pélvico, os transtornos disfuncionais mais frequentes, o papel do parto intervindo na aparição destes transtornos e as estratégias de prevenção que podem implementar-se para diminuir os efeitos sobre o piso pélvico.
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