Microcefalia antes de la llegada del virus Zika: una revisión de tema
Barra lateral del artículo
Descargas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Los reportes de casos de microcefalia en Brasil han significado un reto para la salud pública, especialmente en países de Latinoamérica como Colombia, pues a pesar de su presunta relación con el virus Zika, se desconoce cómo los otros factores implicados en la etiología de la microcefalia se relacionan con este aumento de casos. También se cuenta con pocas estadísticas epidemiológicas acerca del comportamiento de los factores etiológicos de microcefalia hasta el año clave de 2015, no solo en Brasil sino en la mayoría de países latinoamericanos. Las estimaciones de la incidencia y prevalencia de microcefalia son variables debido a diferencias en las definiciones, estándares de seguimiento y diferencias entre las poblaciones que tienen y las que no tienen validados los estándares de diagnóstico y seguimientos de microcefalia. Se realiza una revisión con una mirada general a la microcefalia, se unifican definiciones, clasificación y etiología.
Citas
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Lineamientos preliminares de vigilancia de microcefalia en recién nacidos en entornos de riesgo de circulación de virus Zika. Recuperado a partir de: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_ view&Itemid=270&gid=32999.
Brasil Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Protocolo de vigilância e resposta à ocorrência de microcefalia relacionada à infecção 16 pelo vírus Zika. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2015.
Brasil Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância Note Informativa 01/2015. COES 14 Microcefalias. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2015.
Latin American Network of Congenital Malformations. Microcefalias en el ECLAMC y en Brasil. 2015. http://www.eclamc.org/ microcefaliaarchivos.php.
Almeida IM, Ramos CV, Rodrigues DC, Sousa AC, Nascimento ML, Silva MV, et al. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of microcephaly in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, 2015-2016. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018; 95(4):466-74.
Díaz-Menéndez M, Trigo E, De la Calle-Prieto F, Arsuaga M. Zika virus infection during the Olympic Games in Rio: A fear or an actual risk? Rev Clin Esp. 2017; 217(3):155-60.
Caylà JA, Domínguez Á, Rodríguez E, De Ory F, Vázquez A, Fortuny C. [Zika virus infection: A new public health emergency with great media impact]. Gac Sanit. 2016; 30(6):468-71.
Nunes ML, Carlini CR, Marinowic D, Neto FK, Fiori HH, Scotta MC, et al. Microcephaly and Zika virus: A clinical and epidemiological analysis of the current outbreak in Brazil. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016; 92(3):230-40.
Mlakar J, Korva M, Tul N, Popovic M, Poljˇsak-Prijatelj M, Mraz J, et al. Zika virus associated with microcephaly. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374:951-8.
Martínez P, Suy A, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Rodó C, Salvador F, MolinaI. Zika fever. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2016; 34(4):247-52.
Boom JA. Microcephaly in infants and children: Etiology and evaluation. [Internet]. 2016. Recuperado a partir de: http://www.uptodate.com.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/contents/ microcephaly-in-infants-and-children-etiology-and-evaluation?source=search_result&searc h=microcephaly&selectedTitle=1%7E135.
Chenel C, Wood C, Gourrier E, Zittoun J, Casadevall I, Ogier H. [Neonatal haemolytic–uraemic syndrome, methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria caused by intracellular vitamin B 12 deficiency. Value of aetiological diagnosis]. Arch Fr Pediatr. 1993; 50:749-54.
Victora CG, Schuler-Faccini L, Matijasevich A, Ribeiro E, Pessoa A, Barros FC. Microcephaly in Brazil: How to interpret reported numbers? Lancet. 2016; 387(10019):621-4.
Daymont C, Hwang W-T, Feudtner C, Rubin D. Head-circumference distribution in a large primary care network differs from CDC and WHO curves. Pediatrics. 2010; 126(4):e836-42.
Stoll C. Problems in the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome in young children are still present. Am J Med Genet. 2001; 100(2):110-5.
Zvulunov A, Weitz R, Metzker A. Neurofibromatosis type 1 in childhood: Evaluation of clinical and epidemiologic features as predictive factors for severity. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1998; 37(5):295-9.
Furuta T, Tabuchi A, Adachi Y, Mizumatsu S, Tamesa N, Ichikawa T, et al. Primary brain tumors in children under age 3 years. Brain Tumor Pathol. 1998; 15(1):7-12.
Tomita T, McLone DG. Brain tumors during the first twenty-four months of life. Neurosurgery. 1985; 17(6):913-9.
Gleeson JG, Dobyns WB, Plawner L, Ashwal S. Congenital structural defects. In: Pediatric Neurology Principles and Practice, 4th ed, Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM (Eds), Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia 2006. p.399.
Abuelo D. Microcephaly syndromes. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2007; 14(3):118-27.
Leroy JG, Frías JL. Nonsyndromic microcephaly: An overview. Adv Pediatr. 2005; 52:261-93.
Roche AF, Mukherjee D, Guo SM, Moore WM. Head circumference reference data: Birth to 18 years. Pediatrics. 1987; 79(5):706-12.
Ashwal S, Michelson D, Plawner L, Dobyns WB. Practice parameter: Evaluation of the child with microcephaly (an evidence-based review): Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2009; 73(11):887-97.
Menkes JH, Sarnat HB, Flores-Sarnat L. Malformations of the central nervous system. In: Child Neurology, 7th ed, Menkes JH, Sarnat HB, Maria BL (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2006. p.284.
WHO. The WHO Child Growth Standards [Internet]. 2016. Recuperado a partir de: http://www. who.int/childgrowth/en/
Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2013; 13(59):10.1186/1471-2431-13-59.
Villar J, Cheikh L, Victora CG. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet 2014; 384:857–68.
Gibbons L, Belizan JM, Lauer JA, Betran AP, Merialdi M, Althabe F. Inequities in the use of cesarean section deliveries in the world. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 206:e1-19.
Giuliani F, Ohuma E, Spada E. Systematic review of the methodological quality of studies designed to create neonatal anthropometric charts. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:987–96.
WHO. Birth defects surveillance: A manual for programme managers. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014.
Hamill PV, Drizd TA, Johnson CL, Reed RB, Roche AF. NCHS growth curves for children birth-18 years. United States. Vital Health Stat. 1977; (165):1-74.
Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS. 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States: Methods and development. Vital Health Stat. 2002; (246):1-190.
WHO, Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO child growth standards: Head circumference for age, arm circumference for age, triceps skinfold for age and subscapular skinfold for age — Methods and Development. Geneva, Switzerland; 2007.
Rollins JD, Collins JS, Holden KR. United States head circumference growth reference charts: Birth to 21 years. J Pediatr. 2010; 156(6):907-13.
Grummer-Strawn LM, Reinold C, Krebs NF, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of World Health Organization and CDC growth charts for children aged 0-59 months in the United States. MMWR Recomm Rep Morb Mortal. 2010; 59(RR-9):1-15.
Wright CM, Inskip HM, Godfrey K, Williams AF, Ong KK. Monitoring head size and growth using the new UK-WHO growth standard. Arch Dis Child. 2011; 96(4):386-8.
Natale V, Rajagopalan A. Worldwide variation in human growth and the World Health Organization growth standards: A systematic review. BMJ Open. 2014; 4(1):e003735.
Nellhaus G. Head circumference from birth to eighteen years. Practical composite international and interracial graphs. Pediatrics. 1968; 41(1):106-14.
Woods CG. Human microcephaly. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2004; 14(1):112-7.
Von der Hagen M, Pivarcsi M, Liebe J. Diagnostic approach to microcephaly in childhood: A two-center study and review of the literature. Dev Med Child Neurol 2014; 56:732.
Abuelo D. Microcephaly syndromes. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2007; 14:118–27.
Baxter PS, Rigby AS, Rotsaert MH, Wright I. Acquired microcephaly: Causes, patterns, motor and IQ effects, and associated growth changes. Pediatrics. 2009; 124:590–5.
Bartram JL, Rigby AS, Baxter PS. The “Lassoo” tape: stretch ability and observer variability in head circumference measurement. Arch Dis Child. 2005; 90(8):820- 21.
Bolduc FV, Shevell MI. Corrected head circumference centiles as a possible predictor of developmental performance in high-risk neonatal intensive care unit survivors. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005; 47(11):766-77.
Nard JA. Abnormal head size and shape. In: Common & Chronic Symptoms in Pediatrics, Gartner JC, Zitelli BJ (Eds), Mosby, St. Louis 1997.
Coronado R, Giraldo J, Macaya A, Roig M. Head circumference growth function as a marker of neurological impairment in a cohort of microcephalic infants and children. Neuropediatrics. 2012; 43:271-4.
Holmes LB, Harvey EA, Coull BA. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344:1132.
Dansky LV, Andermann E, Rosenblatt D, Sherwin AL, Andermann F. Anticonvulsants, folate levels, and pregnancy outcome: A prospective study. Ann Neurol. 1987; 21:176-82.
Holmes LD, Adams J, Coull B, Harvey EA. Anticonvulsant face: Association with cognitive dysfunction. Pediatric Res 2000; 47: Suppl:82A.
Wells PG, Winn LM. Biochemical toxicology of chemical teratogenesis. Clin Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1996; 31:1-40.