Migraña: una visión global hacia el enfoque terapéutico en el servicio de Urgencias
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
El manejo agudo de la migraña es un proceso desafiante en el servicio de Urgencias. Su tratamiento debe estar basado en la severidad de los síntomas que definen una aproximación farmacológica estratificada. En casos moderados a severos, los agentes de elección son los triptanes, agentes antimigrañosos específicos que proveen rápida mejoría del dolor y disminución de la discapacidad. Dicho tratamiento debe iniciarse en las etapas iniciales del dolor y antes de la instauración del fenómeno de alodinia cutánea para garantizar una respuesta óptima para dicho tratamiento.
Citas
Evans RW. Preface. Neurol Clin. 2009; 27(2): xi–xii.
Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Diamond M, Freitag F, Reed ML, Stewart F. Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy. Neurology. 2007 Jan 30;6(5):343-9.
Goadsby PJ. Pathophysiology of migraine. Neurol Clin. 2009 May; 27(2):335-360.
Ulrich V, Gervil M, Kyvik KO, Olesen J, Russell MB. Evidence of a genetic factor in migraine with aura: a population-based Danish twin study. Ann Neurol. 2001 May 31; 45 (2):242–6.
Russell MB, Iselius L, Olesen J. Investigation of the inheritance of migraine by complex segregation analysis. Hum Genet. 1995 Dec; 96 (6):726–30.
Ophoff RA, van Eijk R, Sandkuijl LA, Terwindt GM, Grubben CP, Haan J, et al. Genetics heterogeneity of familial hemiplegic migraine.Genomics.1994 Jul1;22(1):21–6.
Arbab MA, Wiklund L, Svendgaard NA. Origin and distribution of cerebralvascular innervation from superior cervical, trigeminal, and spinal ganglia investigatedwith retrograde and anterograde WGA-HRP tracing in the rat. Neuroscience. 1986 Nov;19(3):698-708
Bartsch T, Goadsby PJ. Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after stimulation of the dura mater. Brain. 2003 Aug;126(Pt 8):1801-13. Epub 2003 Jun 23.
Goadsby PJ, Edvinsson L, Ekman R. Release of vasoactive peptides in the extracerebral circulation of humans and the cat during activation of the trigeminovascular system. Ann Neurol. 1988 Feb;23(2):193-6
Moskowitz MA, Cutrer FM. Sumatriptan: a receptortargeted treatment for migraine. Annu Rev Med. 1993;44:145-54
Ingvardsen BK, Laursen H, Olsen UB, Hansen AJ. Possible mechanism of c-fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis following cortical spreading depression. Pain. 1997 Sep; 72(3):407–15.
Ebersberger A, Schaible H-G, Averbeck B, Richter F. Is there a correlation between spreading depression, neurogenic inflammation, and nociception that might cause migraine headache? Ann Neurol. 2001 Jan; 49(1):7–13.
Moskowitz MA, Nozaki K, Kraig RP. Neocortical spreading depression provokes the expression of C-fos protein-like immunoreactivity within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis via trigeminovascular mechanisms. J Neurosci.1993 Mar; 13(3):1167–77.
Ingvardsen BK, Laursen H, Olsen UB, Hansen AJ. Possible mechanism of c-fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis following spreading depression. Pain. 1997 Sept; 72(3):407–15.
Burstein R. Deconstructing migraine headache into peripheral and central sensitization. Pain. 2001 Jan;89(2-3):107-10.
Strassman AM, Raymond SA, Burstein R. Sensitization of meningeal sensory neurons and the origin of headaches. Nature. 1996 Dec 12; 384(6609):560-4.
Kaube H, Katsarava Z, Przywara S, Drepper J, Ellrich J, Diener Hc. Acute migraine headache: possible sensitization of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus? Neurology. 2002 Apr 23;58(8):1234-8
Leão AAP. Pial circulation and spreading depression activity in cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol. 1944; 7(6):391-396.
Gursoy-Ozfemir Y, Qiu J, Matsuoka N, Bolay H, Bermpohl D, Jin H, et al. Cortical spreading depression activates and upregulates MMP-9. J Clin Invest. 2004 May;113(10):447-55.
Bolay H,Reuter U, Dunn AK,Huang Z, Boas DA, Moskowitz MA. Intrinsic brain activity triggers trigeminal meningeal afferents in a migraine model. Nat Med. 2002 Feb; 8(2): 136-42.
Takano T, Nedergaard M. Deciphering migraine. J Clin Invest. 2009 Jan; 119(1):16-9.
Schoen J, Ambrosini A, Sandor PS, Maertens de Noordhout A. Evoked potentials and transcranial magnetic stimulation in migraine: published data and viewpoint on their pathophysiologic significance. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Jun; 114(6):955-72.
Afra J, Sandor P, Schoenen J. Habituation of visual and intensity dependence of auditory evoked cortical potentials tend to normalise just before and during migraine attacks. Cephalalgia. 2000 Oct; 20(8):714- 19.
Coppola G, Vandenheede M, Di Clemente L, Ambrosini A, Fumal A, De Pasqua V, et al. Somatosensory evoked highfrequency oscillations reflecting thalamo–cortical activity are decreased in migraine patients between attacks. Brain. 2005;128:98–103
Boureau F, Juobert JM, Lasserre V, Prum B, Delecoeuillerie G. Double-blind comparison of an acetaminophen 400 mg-codeine 25 mg combination versus aspirin 1000 mg and placebo in acute migraine attack. Cephalalgia. 1994 Apr; 14(2):156-61.
Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia. 2004; 24 Suppl 1:9-160.
Russell MB, Olsen J. A nosographic analysis of the migraine aura in a general population. Brain. 1996 Apr; 119(Pt 2):355-61.
Burtein R, Yarnitsky D, Goor-Aryeh I, Ransil BJ, Bajwa ZH. An association between migraine and cutaneous allodynia. Ann Neurol. 2000 May;47(5):614-24
Lipton RB, Stewart WF. Acute migraine therapy: do doctors understand what migraine patients want from therapy? Headache. 1999; 39(suppl 2):S20-S26.
Tepper SJ, Spears RC. Acute treatment of migraine. Neurol Clin. 2009 May; 27(2):417-27.
Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ, Sawyer JPC, Blakeborough P, Stewart WF. Migraine: diagnosis and assessment of disability. Rev Contemp Pharmacother. 2000;11:63– 73.
Colas R, Munoz P, Temprano R, Gomez C, Pascual J. Chronic daily headache with analgesic overuse: epidemiology and impact on quality of life. Neurology. 2000 Apr; 62(8):1338-42.
Havanka-Kanniainen H. Treatment of acute migraine attack: ibuprofen and placebo compared. Headache. 1989 Sep; 29(8):507-9.
Nestvold K, Kloster R, Partinen M, Sulkava R. Treatment of acute migraine attack: naproxen and placebo compared. Cephalalgia. 1985 Jun; 5(2):115-9.
Massiou H, Serrurier D, Lasserre O, Bousser MG. Effectiveness of oral diclofenac in the acute treatment of common migraine attacks: a double-blind study versus placebo. Cephalalgia. 1991 May; 11(2):59-63.
Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Ryan RE Jr, Saper J, Silberstein S, Sheftell F. Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine in alleviating migraine headache pain: three double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trials. Arch Neurol. 1998 Feb; 55(2):210-7.
Lipton RB, Baggish JS, Stewart WF, Codispoti JR, Fu M. Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen in the treatment of migraine: results of a randomized, bouble-blind, placebo-controlled, pobulation-based study. Arch Intern Med. 200 Dec 11-25; 160 (22):3486-92.
Snow V, Weiss K, Wall EM, Mottur-Pilson C; American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Pharmacologic management of acute attacks of migraine and prevention of migraine headache. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Nov 19; 137(10):840-9.
Jakubowski M, Levy D, Goor-Aryeh I, Collins B, Bajwa Z, Burstein R. Terminating migraine with allodynia and ongoing central sensitization using parenteral administration of COX/COX2 inhibitors. Headache. 2005 Jul-Aug;45(7):850-61.
Colman I, Brown MD, Innes GD, Grafstein E, Roberts TE, Rowe BH. Parenteral metoclopramide for acute migraine: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMJ. 2004 Dec 11; 329(7479):1369-73. Epub 2004 Nov 18.
Singh A, Alter HJ, Zaia B. Does the addition of dexamethasone to standard therapy for acute migraine headache decrease the incidence of recurrent headache for patients treated in the emergency department? A meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Acad Emerg Med. 2008 Dec; 15(12):1223-33. Epub 2008 Oct 25.
Ibraheem JJ, Paalzow L, Tfelt-Hansen P. Low bioavailability of ergotamine tartrate after oral and rectal administration in migraine sufferers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983 Dec; 16(6):695-9.
Colman I, Brown MD, Innes GD, Grafstein E, Roberts TE, Rowe BH. Parenteral dihydroergotamine for acute migraine headache: a systematic review of the literature. Ann Emerg Med. 2005 Apr; 45(4):393-401.
Ziegler D, Ford R, Kriegler J, Gallagher RM, Peroutka S, Hammerstad J, et al. Dihydroergotamine nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine. Neurology. 1994 Mar; 44(3 Pt 1): 447-53.
Winner P, Ricalde O, Le Force B, Saper J, Margul B. A double-blind study of subcutaneous dihydroergotamine vs subcutaneous sumatriptan in the treatment of acute migraine. Arch Neurol. 1996 Feb; 53(2):180-4.
Goadsby PJ, Zanchin G, Geraud G, de Kippel N, DiazInsa S, Gobel H. Early vs. non-early intervention in acute migraine-’Act when Mild (AwM)’. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of almotriptan. Cephalalgia. 2008 Apr; 28(4):383-91. Epub 2008 Feb 20.
Burstein R, Cutrer MF, Yarnitsky D. The development of cutaneous allodynia during a migraine attack clinical evidence for the sequential recruitment of spinal and supraspinal nociceptive neurons in migraine. Brain. 2000 Aug;123(Pt 8):1703-9.
Liston H, Bennett L, Usher B Jr, Nappi J. The association of the combination of sumatriptan and methysergide in myocardial infarction in a premenopausal woman. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Mar 8; 159(5):511-3.
United States. Food and Drug Administration. MedWatch safety alerts for human medical products [Internet]. Silver Spring, MD: FDA; 2009 [fecha de consulta noviembre 24 de 2009]. Disponible en: www.fda.gov/ medwatch/safety/2006/safety06.htm#Triptans.
Tfelt-Hansen P. Efficacy and adverse events of subcutaneous, oral, and intranasal sumatriptan used for migraine treatment: a systematic review based on number needed to treat. Cephalalgia. 1998 Oct; 18(8):532-8.
Pfaffenrath V, Cuning G, Sjonell G, Prendergast S. Efficacy and safety of sumatriptan tablets (25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg) in the acute treatment of migraine: defining the optimum doses of oral sumatriptan. Headache. 1998 Mar;38(3):184-90.
Havanka H, Dahlöf C, Pop PH, Diener HC, Winter P, Whitehouse H, et al. Efficacy on naratriptan tablets in the acute treatment of migraine: a dose-ranging study. Naratriptan S2WB2004 Study Group. Clin Ther. 2000 Aug; 22(8):970-80.
Mathew NT, Asgharnejad M, Peykamian M, Laurenza A. Naratriptan is effective and well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The Naratriptan S2WA3003 Study Group. Neurology. 1997 Dec; 49(6):1485-90.
Stark S, Spierings EL, McNeal S, Putnam GP, BoldenWatson CP, O’Quinn S. Naratriptan efficacy in migraineurs who respond poorly to oral sumatriptan. Headache. 2000 Jul-Aug; 40(7):513-20.
Rapoport AM, Ramadan NM, Adelman JU, Mathew NT, Elkink AH, Kudrow DB, et al. Optimizing the dose of zolmitriptan (Zomig, 311C90) for the acute treatment of migraine. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose range-finding study. The 017 Clinical Trial Study Group. Neurology. 1997 Nov;49(5):1210-8
Solomon GD, Cady RK, Kapper JA, Earl NL, Saper JR, Ramadan NM. Clinical efficacy and tolerability of 2.5 mg zolmitriptan for the acute treatment of migraine. The 042 Clinical Trial Study Group. Neurology. 1997 Nov; 49(5):1219-25.
Ho TW, Mannix LK, Fan X, Assaid C, Furtek C, Jones CJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of an oral CGRP receptor antagonist, MK-0974, in acute treatment of migraine. Neurology. 2008 apr 15; 70(16):1304-12. Epub 2007 Oct 3.
Ho TW, Ferrari MD, Dodick DW, Galet V, Kost J, Fan X, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of MK-0974 (telcagepant), a new oral antagonist of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, compared with zolmitriptan for acute migraine: a randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet. 2008 Dec 20; 372(9656):2115-23. Epub 2008 Nov 25.
Connor KM, Shapiro RE, Diener HC, Lucas S, Kost J, Fan X, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of telcagepant for the acute treatment of migraine. Neurology. 2009 Sep 22; 73(12):970-7.