Osteomielitis crónica multifocal recurrente: estado del arte
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Resumen
La osteomielitis crónica multifocal recurrente es una enfermedad autoinflamatoria que se caracteriza por focos estériles de inflamación ósea que producen dolor recurrente. Es una entidad poco frecuente que tiene como manifestaciones cardinales la presencia de lesiones óseas inflamatorias en las regiones metaepifisiarias de los huesos largos que predomina en miembros inferiores. Esta enfermedad, con frecuencia asociada con síntomas sistémicos y lesiones en piel, hace parte del grupo de enfermedades que conforma el síndrome: artritis-dermatitis. Los hallazgos radiológicos más comunes son las áreas de osteolisis rodeadas de un halo esclerótico delgado, sin reacción perióstica asociada o la formación de secuestros óseos. La resonancia nuclear magnética permite hacer una detección precoz de la entidad y facilita su diagnóstico diferencial, principalmente, con infecciones y tumores óseos. El tratamiento está basado en la información obtenida mediante reportes de caso y series de pacientes y consiste en el uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y en casos refractarios, bisfosfonatos y antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa. El pronóstico de esta enfermedad, en general, es bueno, con un curso clínico benigno y autolimitado, en la mayoría de los casos.
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