Métodos tradicionais e moleculares no diagnóstico da toxoplasmose e sua aplicação no contexto clínico
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Resumo
A toxoplasmose é uma doença parasitaria que tem uma ampla variedade de manifestações clínicas. Toda a população mundial se encontra em risco de adquirir a infecção, mas sua relevância clínica é maior em mulheres grávidas, pelo risco de toxoplasmose congênita, e em pessoas imunossupressão, pela alta probabilidade de desenvolver a forma disseminada da doença. Atualmente se conta com métodos diagnósticos tradicionais que incluem diversas provas de sorologia para identificar a resposta imune gerada pelo parasita no organismo, bem como a histopatológica e o isolamento microbiológico em cultivos. Embora ajudaram ao diagnóstico desta doença durante décadas, não se recomenda empregar um resultado isolado para confirmar a doença. Sempre se requer de vários resultados ou a combinação destas provas. Recentemente, as técnicas baseadas na biologia molecular permitiram ampliar o espectro de provas diagnosticas, e ainda que ainda estão longe de ser técnicas perfeitas, seu rendimento é altamente satisfatório, o qual fez que progressivamente estejam sendo incluídas dentro dos algoritmos diagnósticos para cada forma da doença, não somente como técnicas alternativas, senão como estudos de primeiro nível para confirmar a doença, particularmente no diagnóstico pré-natal de toxoplasmose congênita e nas formas disseminadas. Neste artigo se revisassem tanto os métodos convencionais como os moleculares, fazendo ênfases em seu rendimento e em sua aplicabilidade no contexto clínico.
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Referências
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