Mastitis granulomatosa
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La mastitis granulomatosa es una enfermedad rara, de etiología desconocida y de diagnóstico de exclusión luego de descartar otras causas de mastitis, como las asociadas a infecciones bacterianas y a gérmenes atípicos como hongos y tuberculosis. La incidencia ha sido difícil de determinar, pero varia del 0.3% al 1.8%. Más frecuente en mujeres en edad reproductiva, la presentación clínica más común de este tipo de mastitis es una masa mamaria de consistencia dura, unilateral, asociada a dolor, eritema, calor e hinchazón, sin fiebre. Tiende a formar abscesos únicos o múltiples con fistulización, lo que hace que se confunda con carcinoma inflamatorio o localmente avanzado. Además, tiende a ser recurrente. El diagnóstico solo puede confirmarse por histopatología, en la que se evidencian granulomas no caseificantes concentrados en lobulillos mamarios, con infiltrado linfocitario crónico, necrosis y, con frecuencia, ectasia ductal. El tratamiento es controvertido, con opciones que van desde la observación, antibióticoterapia, terapia con corticosteroides, medicamentos inmunosupresores como el metotrexato, a la cirugía con escisión local amplia.
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