Estrongiloidiasis humana: una enfermedad olvidada, un problema vigente
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La estrongiloidiasis humana es una infección del intestino delgado superior que, en la mayoría de hospederos inmunocompetentes, transcurre de forma asintomática. En el mundo se estima que el parásito afecta alrededor de 100 millones de personas que viven en 70 países y las regiones tropicales y subtropicales son las áreas de mayor prevalencia. Una característica del parásito Strongyloides stercoralis es su capacidad para desarrollar ciclos de autoinfección, con la posibilidad de evolucionar a la infección crónica del hospedero inmunocompetente, mientras que en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, principalmente trasplantados e infectados por el Virus Linfotrópico de células T humano tipo 1, desencadena un síndrome de hiperinfección potencialmente letal. Si se considera el aumento, cada vez mayor, de trasplantes de órganos sólidos en Colombia, sumado a la falta de validez diagnóstica que presentan las herramientas de análisis parasitológico disponibles en nuestro medio e, incluidas en la búsqueda rutinaria de parásitos intestinales en los protocolos pre-trasplante o pre-terapia inmunosupresora, es necesario un diagnóstico rápido y preciso en estos pacientes de alto riesgo. La presente revisión temática hace un llamado al personal médico para que adquiera conciencia en el contexto sanitario regional y nacional sobre la estrongiloidiasis como una parasitosis oportunista que debe ser considerada en la sospecha clínica y que está asociada a mortalidad, en los casos del síndrome de hiperinfección por S. stercoralis en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, en especial si no es diagnosticada y tratada de forma oportuna.
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