Mastite puerperal
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Resumo
A mastite puerperal é um problema de saúde importante no pós-parto, a incidência varia de 2% a 33%. Se define como a inflamação dos lóbulos glandulares, sendo a infecção a etiologia mais frequente e o puerpério, nas primeiras semanas, o período de maior prevalência. A maioria das mulheres experimentam algum grau de congestão mamária, ao preparar a glândula para a ejeção láctea durante a amamentação, mas quando a técnica é inadequada e leva a fissuras do mamilo, se gera risco de colonização bacteriana dos ductos mamários com sobreinfecção e, incluso, formação de abscessos, que vão a requerer manejo hospitalar, antibioticoterapia e intervenções cirúrgicas. É esta a causa mais importante de suspensão da amamentação e sua repercussão na alimentação e desenvolvimento do recém-nascido. Não há uniformidade nos critérios e o diagnóstico segue sendo fundamentalmente clínico. O microrganismo mais implicado é o estafilococo, sua confirmação microbiológica se faz a partir do Gram e cultivo da drenagem de abscessos ou de cultivos de leite, sendo estes, poucas vezes realizados, a menos que o quadro se complique com repercussão sistémica (sepse) ou não haja resposta à antibioticoterapia empírica. O tratamento fundamental é a drenagem do seio, pelo que deve manter-se a amamentação.
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Referências
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