Estrongiloidiase humana: una doença esquecida, um problema vigente
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Resumo
A estrongiloidiase humana é uma infecção do intestino delgado superior que, na maioria de hospedeiros imunocompetentes, transcorre de forma assintomática. No mundo se estima que o parasito afeta ao redor de 100 milhões de pessoas que vivem em 70 países e as regiões tropicais e subtropicais são as áreas de maior prevalência. Uma característica do parasito Strongyloides stercoralis é sua capacidade para desenvolver ciclos de autoinfecção, com a possibilidade de evolucionar à infecção crónica do hospedeiro imunocompetente, enquanto que em pacientes imunocomprometidos, principalmente transplantados e infectados pelo Vírus Linfotrópico de células T humano tipo 1, desencadeia uma síndrome de hiper-infecção potencialmente letal. Se se considera o aumento, cada vez maior, de transplantes de órgãos sólidos na Colômbia, somado à falta de validez diagnóstica que apresentam as ferramentas de análise parasitológico disponíveis em nosso meio e, incluídas na busca rotineira de parasitos intestinais nos protocolos pré-transplante ou pré-terapia imunosupressora, é necessário uma diagnóstico rápido e preciso nestes pacientes de alto risco. A presente revisão temática faz um chamado ao pessoal médico para que adquira consciência no contexto sanitário regional e nacional sobre a estrongiloidiase como uma parasitose oportunista que deve ser considerada na suspeita clínica e que está associada a mortalidade, nos casos da síndrome de hiper-infecção por S. stercoralis em pacientes imunocomprometidos, em especial se não é diagnosticada e tratada de forma oportuna.
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