Evidencia molecular y clínica del beneficio cardiovascular de los inhibidores SGLT2: estado del arte
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La diabetes mellitus (dm) es una enfermedad crónica con alta incidencia y prevalencia. La enfermedad es un problema de salud pública que ha impulsado a la continua búsqueda de medidas tanto farmacológicas como no farmacológicas para el control. Gracias a la actual evidencia, se sabe que la dm, además de los niveles elevados de glucosa en sangre, se acompaña de otros problemas metabólicos como lo son la obesidad, alteraciones en el metabolismo de lípidos, entre otros; sumado a lo anterior, los pacientes tienen riesgo de padecer problemas cardiovasculares. El problema radica en que una gran cantidad de pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular (CV) o patología cardiovascular ya establecida, sufren de diabetes mellitus. La relación entre dm y las patologías cardiovasculares es de suma importancia, ya que cada una incrementa el riesgo de padecer la otra y empeora el pronóstico. Entre 1980 y 1990 se identificó el cotransportador de sodio y glucosa tipo 2 (SGLT2) como blanco para el tratamiento de la dm tipo 2. A partir de este hallazgo, se crearon los inhibidores de SGLT2 (i- SGLT2), grupo novedoso de medicamentos que disminuyen los niveles de glucosa. Además, tienen múltiples efectos tanto micro como macrovasculares (empagliflozina, canagliflozina y dapagliflozina). Por lo cual, haremos una revisión sobre la evidencia para los iSGLT2 como tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca crónica y su impacto positivo sobre el sistema renal, reducción de presión arterial, disminución de peso, entre otros beneficios.
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