Modelos de predicción de riesgo cardiovascular
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La enfermedad cardiovascular es la principal causa de morbi-mortalidad en el mundo. El desarrollo de la misma se origina en la presencia de múltiples factores de riesgo a los que se ve expuesta la población actualmente. La prevención de su aparición se basa en gran medida en la identificación y control de estos factores de riesgo. De esta manera se busca impactar en el curso clínico o en la historia natural de la enfermedad de acuerdo con que se ha presentado o no en un individuo específico. Los modelos de riesgo cardiovascular son una de las aproximaciones utilizadas para evaluar este pronóstico de este tipo de problemas de salud. En ellos se combinan matemáticamente múltiples puntajes de riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Estos marcadores varían en su valor de estimación de una escala a otra, y todo depende de la población en la que haya sido creada, es por esto mismo que para la aplicación de una escala en una población diferente a la de su creación se debe validar externamente, ya que esto previene sobreestimaciones o subestimaciones del riesgo cardiovascular.
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