Caracterización microbiológica y patrones de resistencia a antibióticos de las infecciones periprotésicas en pacientes sometidos a remplazo articular de rodilla o cadera, operados en la IPS Universitaria Clínica León XIII, entre el 2015 y 2018
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Objetivo: caracterizar desde el punto de vista microbiológico las infecciones periprotesicas (IP) de los pacientes sometidos a remplazo articular de rodilla o cadera, en la IPS universitaria Clínica León XIII, y evidenciar los patrones más comunes de resistencia a los antibióticos, en el periodo 2015-2018. Metodología: se recolectó información de 25 pacientes llevados a remplazo articular de rodilla o cadera en la IPS universitaria, sede Clínica León XIII, durante el periodo de 2015-2018, que desarrollaron IP. Se obtuvo información sobre características demográfica, clínicas y patrones de resistencia (según antibiograma), y sobre los criterios usados para diagnosticarla. Los datos se registraron, según la naturaleza y distribución de la variable, en medias o medianas para las variables cuantitativas, y en frecuencias para las cualitativas. Resultados: entre 2015 y 2018 se realizaron 541 remplazos articulares, la incidencia de infección periprotésica fue de 4.6% (25 pacientes), 22 casos (88%) con crecimiento microbiológico. El germen más frecuente fue el S. aureus, con patrón alto de resistencia para meticilina (SAMR), en el 44%. Seguido por K. pneumoniae, con un patrón de resistencia por producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) de 83%. Ninguno tuvo resistencia a los carbapenémicos. Conclusiones: los resultados son similares a los reportados en la literatura internacional. Sigue siendo el S. aureus el principal causante de la infección periprotésica, seguido de los gérmenes gram negativos.
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