ISSN: 2389-9980 (Online) | DOI: 10.18566/cueteo Cuestiones Teológicas is a peer-reviewed open-access academic journal published by the Faculty of Theology at the Pontifical Bolivarian University. The journal publishes original research articles by national and international scholars in the major areas of theological studies from interdisciplinary perspectives engaged with contemporary culture. Keywords: Fundamental Theology, Dogmatics, Bible, Moral, Pastoral, Church History, Spirituality, Interculturality.
Interreligious Dialogue in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Religions have contributed to the development of ethical reflection on artificial intelligence, also through significant joint engagement. This article presents a review of interreligious events held since 2020 on the topic of artificial intelligence, including an analysis of the content and the positions expressed by the various religious leaders involved. The dialogue that has taken place has, above all, demonstrated the capacity of religions (or at least some of their leaders) to work together for the benefit of humanity, placing their respective cultural and religious traditions at its service. Moreover, the outcome of this shared reflection is a positive and forward-looking ethical vision, born from a sense of wonder—imbued with responsibility—at the possibilities offered by the development of new digital technologies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cuestiones Teológicas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
From artificial intelligence to proximity: the parable of the Good Samaritan as the theological key to face the technocratic rationality
The aim of this text is to present the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Lk 10, 29-37) as the theological key to face the technocratic rationality. The analysis was made from the fundamental theological method, proposed by the Colombian theologian Alberto Parra based on three pillars: text (Lk 10, 29-37), context (AI Century) and pretext (living the proximity). The reflection was structured in two moments. Firstly, a critical reading of Artificial Intelligence was carried out as the product of technocratic rationality. Secondly, it was outlined a theological-anthropological proposal of proximity as the answer to the data and information hegemony. As a way of conclusion, we convene to understand intelligence as a mode of relationship to overcome those conceptions which reduce it to technological algorithms.
Theological Discernment in the Face of the Absolutization of AI in Contemporary Culture
This article examines the relationship between theology and artificial intelligence (AI), understanding AI not merely as a technical tool but as a cultural phenomenon that transforms human self-understanding and forms of relationship. Based on the current state of research, it shows that theological reflection on AI is still in its early stages and presents significant gaps, particularly regarding its absolutization as a totalizing principle capable of organizing the meaning of human existence. The text analyzes the risk that technology may displace fundamental questions about God, the human being, and ultimate meaning, reducing reality to what is calculable and manageable. In response, it argues that the proper role of theology is neither to reject AI nor to sacralize it, but rather to exercise critical discernment. Such an attitude makes it possible to recognize AI’s potential, question its claims to totality, and safeguard the dignity and uniqueness of the human person in light of God revealed in Jesus Christ. The article concludes by highlighting the need for an interdisciplinary theological agenda capable of culturally accompanying the development of AI without renouncing the ultimate horizon of meaning.
Imago Dei and technology: Psalm 8 facing the challenge of Artificial Intelligence
Many decades have passed since Alan Turing, in his famous article in Mind magazine (1950), raised the question of whether machines, and specifically computers, could come to think. In these eighty years, humanity has witnessed rapid technological evolution. In recent years, the advance of what we call Artificial Intelligence or, more technically, LLM (Large Language Model), has raised numerous questions: “Would machines not only be capable of thinking, but would they even replace human beings? Would machines perform better not only the heavy tasks, but also those that occupy the human mind, such as the elaboration of new theories, works of art and literature, for example?” In addition to these practice questions arise others, frequently centered on the ethical aspects of the use of AI. Theology can contribute to this field, both with anthropological and ethics reflection. This article intends to reflect on biblical anthropology in the context of advances in various AI. For this, an exegesis of Psalm 8 is presented, following some steps of the Historical-Critical Method, followed by a reflection on the greatness and insignificance of the human being before God. The conclusion intends to demonstrate that, however much the various forms of AI can contribute to the “human doing”, they will never replace human dignity, given that humanity is the image and semblance of a superior and uncreated intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence and Theological Experience: voices of Friars from Two Mendicant Orders
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) problematizes the understandings of the relationship between humanity and technology, a situation from which challenges regarding its use and its spiritual, pastoral, and theological implications emerge. The conceptual framework of this study draws on contributions from international bodies, the pontifical magisterium, and scholars who have examined the relationship between human beings and technology. Experience is assumed as a theological venue that links the revelation with world experience and AI as a technological development that emulates human intelligence to facilitate tasks and support decision-making. Through a qualitative approach, the study aims to identify experiences of interaction with AI of friers from two mendicant orders to show the discursive nodes about its limitations, opportunities, and pastoral and theological possibilities. The scope of this study is hermeneutic and narrative, which enables the constructed participants’ understanding about their experiences with AI. One of the principal conclusions is the need to critically examine the phenomenon of AI by analyzing its philosophical, sociological, educational, and theological implications so as to enable the friars’ processes of subjectivation and foster theological experience. AI proves to be significant for shaping the actions of religious practitioners, as it allows them to approach the community, access information, and design activities aimed at integral human development. AI emerges as an opportunity for the progression of pastoral theology, and its use is already a reality for different actors.
A New Mirror of the Divine? The Theological Paradox of Artificial Creativity
This article argues that artificial intelligence (AI) does not redefine the imago Dei but reaffirms its limits by demonstrating that authentic creativity requires consciousness, intentionality, and connection to the transcendent. Through hermeneutical analysis of the Hebrew verb בָּרָא (bara) —“to create” (Qal) and “to cut” (Piel)—, theological frameworks (Moltmann, Pannenberg), and practical cases (AI-generated sermons, Vatican Latinist), it reveals that AI, though useful, lacks key human attributes: cultural contextualization, vulnerability, and ethical-spiritual meaning-making. Documents like the Rome Call for AI Ethics (2020) and Laudato Si’ guide its use toward the common good but cannot overcome its instrumental nature. AI is not imago Dei but a mirror exposing the uniqueness of human creativity: creating with love, risk, and a longing for eternity, reflecting divine-human collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cuestiones Teológicas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
AI Editorial Agents for Manuscript Selection in Theology Journals
The initial manuscript selection process in scientific journals, once authors submit their proposals, is a crucial stage because it involves evaluating factors such as thematic relevance to the journal's scope, adherence to the author guidelines for the article type, and the suitability of the texts for peer review. Specifically, in the field of Theology journals, this selection is fundamental, since, although major databases like Scopus and Web of Science index them in categories such as Religious Studies and Religion, the delimitation is defined by more specific thematic criteria, such as dogmatic and doctrinal orientation, matters of pastoral or moral interest, religious practices, or beliefs. Through the selection of 41 articles published between 2023 and 2025 in the journal Cuestiones Teológicas, and the establishment of training parameters based on the journal's "Author Guidelines" and semantic fields within the area of ​​theological knowledge, an model was trained using a workflow management and automation platform (n8n) to automate the initial review process of manuscripts submitted to the journal. This article proposes the modeling of an artificial intelligence agent to verify compliance with formal requirements and the thematic relevance of manuscripts. The results demonstrate that AI-mediated journal editing, in the initial stage of the process, is not based solely on automated criteria but must be considered from the perspective of training digital selection models or editorial agents as assistants to the scientific teams responsible for selecting scholarly content.
Can Robots Be Saved? An Interpretive Analysis of the Moral Consideration of Automata in Light of Theology
The revolution that has taken place in the twentieth century around artificial intelligences is already changing society and access to knowledge. However, the possibility of intelligent machines capable of feeling, learning and, perhaps, of free will forces us to reconsider the moral dimension of intelligent automata. In this sense, the possibility that there might exist “soulless” beings whom the believer is nonetheless obliged to care for and preserve is not a new theme in Christian thought, but rather has its roots in medieval interpretations of Genesis, in which the human being is named the “guardian of creation.” At the same time, other creatures without an immortal soul but endowed with intelligence (such as faerie beings) were accepted as spiritual entities that could not be saved by themselves, but could be saved through the intercession of humans with an immortal soul, who could teach these beings “the revelation.” This leads us, in this article, to address whether the intelligent automaton “can be saved” by means of our Christian charity, insofar as it appears capable of understanding the Holy Scriptures and is endowed with moral behavior.
Artificial Intelligence in Theology and Spirituality: Foundations, Contrasts, and Proposals for its Implementation
This qualitative and reflective study addresses the foundations, contrasts, and proposals of artificial intelligence in theology and spirituality from a critical and proactive perspective. Using content analysis (contributions from the Magisterium and UNESCO) and inductive coding, the findings reveal a profound contrast between the two perspectives. Theology conceives of the human being as a personal, relational, and integral reality endowed with dignity, freedom, conscience, and openness to transcendence, living in community, seeking goodness and truth. In contrast, AI tends to reduce the human being to a functional and instrumental being that only processes data, ignores history, and promotes cultural exclusion and digital colonialism. It is emphasized that human intelligence is a gift from God that integrates experience, abstraction, emotion, morality, and spirituality in order to interpret reality. AI, on the other hand, only reproduces and performs specific tasks. Although it surpasses human intelligence in data analysis, it lacks experience, understanding, and theological reflection. It is concluded that AI offers valuable tools for theological-biblical research, proclamation of the Gospel, religious formation, liturgy, and pastoral ministry; however, its implementation requires critical thinking, discernment, ethics, human supervision, and measures to avoid errors, biases, and hallucinations.
A postphenomenological analysis of the mediation of Artificial Intelligence in the experience of the Sacred
This article examines the embodied relationship between Artificial Intelligence and the experience of the sacred from a postphenomenological perspective, contributing to contemporary theological knowledge. The inquiry arises from tensions generated by the question: What is AI, and in what ways, if any, does it influence the experience of the sacred? Consequently, the objective is to analyze AI agency in experiencing the sacred within the emerging context of digital normality, thereby understanding AI’s potential as an embodied technological object and its capacity for agency in embodying transcendence and life's meaning. To achieve this aim, qualitative research was conducted through narrative methods grounded in theological hermeneutics, supported by analyses carried out using Python libraries on 416 short CAP-type narratives. The findings indicate that AI acts as an active mediator in sacred experiences, transforming the way the lifeworld is revealed to subjects. Such technological mediation affects not only everyday decisions and practices but also the emotional dimensions related to fundamental human inquiries into being, meaning, and truth. Postphenomenological analysis revealed that, although these transformations do not directly alter intentional consciousness, they significantly reshape the subjective and cultural horizons of world perception, underscoring the necessity of interdisciplinary approaches in the humanistic understanding of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).
Experience of the sacred, spirituality, and meaning of life through the use of Artificial Intelligence
The present research problematizes some dynamics of artificial intelligence (AI) from its possibilities of transformation of sacred, spiritual experiences and meaning of life. To this end, a mixed paradigm approach is carried out under a critical hermeneutic perspective, which uses narratives as a research method under a correlational analysis. The participants in this proposal are a total of three hundred forty-eight (348) randomly selected in the context of today’s Colombian society, the development of an instrument that includes quantitative approaches under a Likert scale and qualitative approaches with an open question. In the results obtained, we can observe some reserved trends around the possible transformations that AI can generate in the experience of the sacred, spirituality and sense of life. Based on the above, a series of possible transformations can be decanted that, expressed by the participants, allow to structure an analysis around the importance of autonomy in the development of spirituality, the perspective of evil perceived from some risks around the sacred in relation to the use of AI (negative spirituality), and happiness oriented to meaning of life from the use and exploitation of technologies. Finally, a series of analysis points are proposed to reflect on possible impacts and turning points that, from the point of view of theological knowledge, should indicate important positions for questioning human action in relation to this technological use in a human sense.
Theology and LLMs: Truth, Bias, and Mediation
This article analyzes the theological and pastoral implications of using large language models in the context of the life and mission of the Catholic Church. It arises from a growing concern: how artificial intelligence systems may influence the mediation of revealed Truth and the integrity of ecclesial Tradition. The main objective is to identify the risks and potentialities of these technologies when applied to theology, particularly regarding doctrinal fidelity, Church authority, and the transmission of Tradition. The research follows an empirical and interdisciplinary methodology, combining a comparative analysis of the responses generated by six language models to twelve questions on doctrinally sensitive topics, with theological and ethical reflection. The topics addressed include the appointment of bishops in China, the Church’s teaching on abortion, and its position regarding same-sex marriage. The data reveal consistent factual knowledge in many areas, but also instances of thematic censorship, doctrinal instability, and ideological bias, influenced by the cultural or political context of the models. The conceptual framework is grounded in Catholic theology, digital ethics, and recent proposals for AI regulation. The study highlights the importance of theological discernment and proposes the need for responsible oversight, diversity of sources, and the development of models that promote critical use and serve the Church’s mission without compromising truth, community, or the common good.
Following the lamb: Notes on Wirkungsgeschichte of Revelation 14,4 in the Greek Ante-Nicene Fathers
The History of Reception has been adopted in recent years by biblical criticism as a useful and indispensable method for the exegetical task of both canonical and non-canonical texts. Based on this, the present article aims to provide the various interpretations generated by one of the favorite verses of the Church Fathers in discourses on virginity, namely, Revelation 14:4. Due to the abundance of primary sources using this text, this study has been geographically and temporally delimited to Greek authors who cited this verse during the Ante-Nicene period. Such delineations make sense because, at least within historical-traditional biblical criticism, it is assumed that analyzing the earliest readings of texts can shed light on the "original meanings" due to their proximity to the emergence of the original text. Thus, after examining the various Christian authors and their uses of Revelation 14:4, the conclusion emphasizes the importance and usefulness of “Wirkungsgeschichte” for any modern hermeneutical task related to the text in question.
Contributions to the Model of Synodal Leadership in Local and Core Ecclesial Communities from the Notion of Vocation and a Gender Perspective
The practical and pastoral dimension of synodality leads us to ask ourselves about the implementation of synodal processes in nuclear communities, be they parish communities, base communities, charismatic communities within a lay movement or a religious congregation of shared life. The text will seek to clarify how synodality is expressed in the relationships between the members of the community and in their daily practices. To this end, we will explore, from a gender perspective and from the notion of vocation, the community frictions that arise as a consequence of the patriarchal dualistic model of clergy-laity and man-woman, drawing a systemic map that provides adequate strategies for the practice of synodal co-responsibility. We will delve into community leadership, the exercise of power and the performance of roles and services that emerge from a synodal model of community. Finally, from the notion of synodal ministry, we will point out some contributions aligned with the synodal proposal that can improve community activity, community life, community, pastoral theology, feminist theology, feminist theology.
Synodality, Leadership, and Women in the Local Church
In the context of the current process of synodalization of the Catholic Church, issues such as the role of local churches, greater participation of all members of the People of God in leadership roles and bodies, and especially the place of women in them, have emerged throughout the global Church. In order to contribute to these issues and their intersection from a contextual perspective, the authors recently carried out the study reported in this article. From the hermeneutic dialogue between the theological-pastoral frameworks of synodality, interdisciplinary leadership frameworks, and the results of a unique empirical case study of the Pastoral Council of the West Zone of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile, six themes are raised hoping to contribute to the current reflection: the (local) novelty of the experience of the Pastoral Council; synodality and (historical) contextuality; synodality and participation; leadership and women; the necessary reconfiguration of ecclesial and presbyteral leadership; and the (still) estrangement between pastoral and theology. The article concludes with a concise propositional reflection.
Women and Synodality: The World Synod and the Synodal Way of Germany
This article analyzes the role of women in synodal processes in dialogue with the results of Bacher and Cerda's study on the Zonal Pastoral Council of the western zone of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile. In a first step, the paradigm of synodality introduced by Pope Francis in theological discourse and established in ecclesial practice is examined. In a second step, the results of the Bacher and Cerda study on the Pastoral Council of the western zone of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile with other synodal processes in the global Church, using, in this case, the example of the synodal structures that have developed in Germany following the request of the II Vatican Council decree on the laity to promote organisms for their involvement in various pastoral areas , which resulted in the creation of diocesan councils and the Central Committee of German Catholics, co-responsible for the Synodal Way. Finally, the consequences of the analysis for the participation of women in the Catholic Church are presented and the thesis is formulated that a synodal style is the prerequisite for sustainable synodal structures in which women can contribute their gifts to the Church.
Expressions and experiences of baptismal co-responsibility in a synodal key
This research addresses the role and development of co-responsibility as a theological category from the particular experience of the Church of Concepción in Chile developed between 2013 and 2016, prior to the listening process given in the universal Church (Synod of Bishops). It begins with a brief contextualization of the synodal history in Concepción, continuing with the discussion between the category of co-responsibility together with the synodal elements of participation, dialogue and discernment, confronted with the challenges that were born from the VII Synod of Concepción. The purpose is to put in antecedent that the synodality lived from a local Church, gives certainty of its natural conformation and origin in the ecclesial life, because it sprouts in a moment where there were no precisions that allowed to understand the synodal life, fundamentally seen from the exercise of co-responsibility of the people of God. And it is through the experience of the VII Synod of Concepción, together with all those instances derived from it, that the need for a reformulation of the ecclesial life itself becomes evident, which builds a community that assumes itself from its diverse types of experiences and recognizes the importance of being more co-responsible, reflective, dialoguing, participative and fraternal in the face of the challenges of evangelization.
Synodality and the Debate on the Active Participation of Women in the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church has embarked on synodal paths with Pope Francis, celebrating the World Synod (2023/2024) after an intense process of consultation in the various local churches. The Synod’s concluding document published at the end of October 2024 states that it is important to “heed the call for greater recognition and valorization of the contribution of women”. The article analyzes this “call” from the perspective of the author who participated in the Forum 3 on “Women in Church Ministries and Offices” of the German Synodal Path. In a first part, the worldwide synodal processes opened by Pope Francis are analyzed as an “ecclesiogenesis”, where the protagonism of women plays an important role. In a second step, the achievements of the German Synodal Path are presented with regard to this protagonism, especially in reference to the theme of the female diaconate. In a third section, the perspectives of the critics of the Synodal Path and the demand for a “theology of women” are presented. Behind such a “theology of women”, an open or hidden misogyny and clericalism is shown, which is also denounced in the Concluding Document of the World Synod. The article follows a hermeneutic method of text analysis and wants to give theological foundations to open ways for the protagonism of women within the Church.
Living synodality in dialogue with the symphony of the Universal Church
The Catholic Church is undergoing a significant transformation through a global synodal process initiated by Pope Francis in 2021. This process seeks to reshape the Church in a synodal, missionary form. The Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile has been actively participating in this transformation, where a recent research project examined the potential of the pastoral council, particularly the participation of women, in reshaping leadership and authority. In this article, this study’s findings are discussed in the context of the 16th Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops, emphasizing the importance of diversity, co-responsibility, and the integration of women in Church leadership. The paper reflects on the need for a new style of being Church, grounded in theological insights and the principles of Vatican Council II, to foster a more inclusive and mission-oriented Church.
Theology of Justice and Gender Violence: A Contribution from Contextual Reading about "The Levite's Concubine" and "The Woman Accused of Adultery"
This article provides a critical reading about gender violence from a theology of justice based on Contextual Bible Reading of “The Levite and the Concubine” (Judges 19) and “The Woman Accused of Adultery” (Jn 7,53-8,11) carried out by five women’s communities located in two Colombian regions. The research, conducted within participatory action research framework, contributed to the recovery of the participants’ knowledge and their empowerment to change the reality. In addition, the reception and appropriation of the biblical texts, together with the approach to their socio-historical elements, allowed them to become aware of their vulnerability in a macho culture, of their submission and objectification as forms of control by men, and of their dignity stained by patriarchalism. The findings made it clear that a theology of justice in reference to the Gospel makes a choice for the impoverished, excluded, and marginalized people, so that they can become political subjects capable of achieving a more just, equitable, and dignified life.
Pronicene theology in the Contra Faustum of Augustine of Hippo
The Contra Faustum Manichaeum is one of the longest and most complex works of Augustine's. This may be one of the reasons why many questions remain unanswered regarding its contribution to the understanding of aspects of St. Augustine's doctrine. In this article we would like to show that there are arguments or elements of the so-called Pronicene theology that could better explain the evolution of Augustine's thinking in relation to the polemic with the Manicheans and, in general, in relation to his theology. To do this, after an introduction, we will develop a section that serves to understand the framework in which Augustine's theology of the reply to Faustus is situated and, secondly, two sections in which two arguments will be presented that prove the presence of elements of Pronicene theology. Finally, in the conclusions we hope to make it clear that the Augustinian affirmations on the consubstantiality of the Son in relation to the Father would not only explain the Pronicene theology present in the Contra Faustum, but also the polemical purpose that moved the bishop of Hippo to formulate them.
En todo momento de la existencia humana y de la existencia de las instituciones, es sabio preguntarse por el ser de la sociedad, su origen y su destino. Se descubre así que en la confusión contemporánea, los partidos políticos tienen vigencia en la medida en que se aproximen a la realidad social, a los problemas concretos de la gente; y expresen al menos su voluntad de resolverlos. Porque en definitiva la política es la suma de respuestas a las preguntas que formula la comunidad; por lo cual, la clave para mantenerse en situación, está en el equilibrio entre las ansias populares y las respuestas o propuestas que se les den desde el poder o desde la oposición.
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Elementos para un acceso al concepto contemporáneo de cultura
Es excesiva la pretensión de concretar la temática que origina esta ponencia, cual es "el concepto actual de Cultura": el inmediato recurso de una tal tarea es la búsqueda de sistematizaciones y se creería en la abundancia y profusión, dado el amplísimo, casi que vulgar uso de la palabra: se la escucha como objetivo que califica a personas, organiza­ciones, espectáculos, industrias, publicaciones; la crítica que en un mo­mento dado interrogue por el sentido real, recibirá la inmediata impresión de un concepto absolutamente baladí. De hecho se vierte y confunde con toda una producción superflua del quehacer social, y se establece como resultante de una actividad burguesa o consumista.
Priests from Other Places: A Necessary and Urgent Systemic Approach
A brief review of the literature on the topic of priests coming from other places to serve in Western countries reveals an initial conclusion: there is very little research on this subject. This opens up serious and complex questions. When an important topic is ignored, it becomes a taboo (psychological dimension) or a blind spot (structural dimension). To foster an urgent and necessary reflection, I propose the hypothesis that the approach everywhere is almost exclusively personal and clerical (1), whereas in reality, it is a systemic issue (2). Thus, answers must be systemic. The article is structured into three main sections. The first, “The Difficulty of Moving Beyond an Almost Exclusively Personal and Clerical Approach,” addresses the challenges of overcoming this approach, including the need for investment in preparation and reception (1.1), the lack of attention to beneficiaries (1.2), and the increasing complexity of the priesthood (1.3). The second section, “A Necessary and Urgent Systemic Approach,” emphasizes the importance of a broader perspective, analyzing two attempts by the Magisterium (2.1), the effects of a strong pastoral option (2.2), and whether this has hindered ecclesial renewal (2.3). The third section, “And Now What?”, outlines the next steps to be taken.
Christian Asceticism and Sustainable Lifestyle: A Dialogue Between Ecotheology and the Orthodox Theologian Elizabeth Theokritoff
The article explores the original contribution of Orthodox theologian Elizabeth Theokritoff to ecotheology, particularly her proposal to integrate Christian asceticism into a sustainable lifestyle. Drawing from Eastern patristic theology, Theokritoff argues that Christian ascesis does not imply a disdain for the material world but rather self-limitation to overcome consumerism and establish a relationship of communion with creation. She highlights God's immanence in creation through the logoi present in every creature, which are manifested in the incarnate Word (Christ) and fulfilled in the eschatological glorification of matter. The author integrates the ascetic ethos into the Eucharistic and sacramental ethos, avoiding a reduction of ascesis to mere rules. Her approach enables a positive vision of the human body and matter as destined to partake in God's glory, a spirituality that embraces creation as part of God's salvific plan, and a novel path for ecological conversion from a Christian perspective.
Psychocrisis and the Resonance of Forgiveness. A Reading Through Hartmut Rosa’s Critical Theory
This article, through Hartmut Rosa’s theory, addresses the problem of how the relational logic of the late modern subject of dynamic stabilization −characterized by a constant increase in economic, technological and innovation levels− has led to a relationship with the world that seeks domination and appropriation for use and control. This dynamic has resulted in an accelerated and alienated life, where the subject, faced with the impossibility of continuing in the “race for life,” feels responsible, triggering a psychocrisis rooted in guilt, fear and anxiety. In this sense, the resonance of forgiveness represents the possibility of an exculpated existence, free from the fear of the other’s gaze, as it does not pose a threat that exacerbates guilt but rather creates a space that fosters a safe and welcoming world. The aim of this article is to delve into Hartmut Rosa’s critical theory to propose that resonance is not only a diagnostic concept but a therapeutic exercise, specifically the resonance of forgiveness as a facilitator of a space for encounter. Employing a hermeneutic-critical methodology, it is concluded that the resonance of forgiveness is found in Christianity as a possibility for connection with the world. Therefore, the main conclusion suggests that, through forgiveness, we can reconstruct the time and space of encounter, allowing the world (the relational) to speak once again.
Evolution of Gender Perspective in Papal Discourses: An Analysis from 1939 to the Present
This study analyzes the evolution of gender perspective in papal speeches. To this end, all speeches in Spanish delivered by the Popes from 1939 to the present have been collected, observing the frequency of mentions of women and the contextual words associated with the term "woman." The results demonstrate a significant correlation between this evolution and changes in the role of women in society. Historically, women were primarily conceived as central figures in the home, fulfilling traditional roles of wife, mother, and caregiver, which was reflected in the early years of the analyzed speeches. Over time, the roles of women have undergone profound changes, driven by various women's rights movements, which have transformed their role in society. These changes are evident in more recent speeches, especially those delivered by Pope Francis I, where the term "woman" is used in a variety of contexts, not only as a mother but also as a worker and active participant in public life. This analysis reveals how the gender perspective in papal speeches has been influenced by contemporary societal changes, showing an evolution towards a broader and more diverse recognition of women's roles.
Theology of the city The pastoral in the city as a political action
Can theology have anything to say about the city, especially when the growth of the city seems endless and the multiple problems it faces threaten its permanence in the future? In the face of the challenges facing the city of the 21st century, proposals have emerged that see technology as an alternative to solve its many problems, to transform it into the ideal space that “men have desired”. Faced with this pressing need to save the city, theology (the theologian) must join this collective cause, contributing to this salvific project, which is not alien to the Christian tradition (cf. Rev 21:3). The contribution of theology and the Church lies in the way the city is conceived (eschatological) and in the way pastoral care is exercised in the city (political action).
Plotinus’ Foundations of the Soul and Its Reception in Augustine of Hippo En. IV, 8 [7] in Gn. adu. Man. 2, 12
In our work, we present the following hypothesis: the passage of Plotinus En. IV, 8 [7] is present in Augustine of Hippo's gn. adu. man. 2, 12; as it is not a direct quotation and as there is also an ongoing controversy about the content of the Libri platonicorum, that collection of texts translated into Latin which gave him access to an approach on the credibility of faith (conf. 7, 13), we approach this proposal from a triple movement of convergence: We present, first, the state of the question about the authors who would form part of that collection of Platonic texts; then, the clarifications regarding the soul in Plotinus and the difficulties he encountered in his path of understanding and, finally, the way in which this conception had an impact on the creatural notion of Augustine of Hippo, at the time of the aforementioned exegesis. In this context, we find the turn medietas animae, to explain the situation of the soul in paradise, which allows us to postulate the use of a Latin text, in which the Plotinian expression μέση τάξις is translated. We conclude, following this perspective of analysis, that Augustine of Hippo explains, by means of En. IV, 8 [7], the fall of the soul, in a way that is in accordance with Scripture. Our method of work is philological, as a science of understanding, through a careful reading of the Plotinian and Augustinian texts.
Post-Conciliar Theological Formation of the Clergy: The Latin American Case
The theology serving the formation of the Latin American clergy has undergone a significant transformation since the Second Vatican Council, primarily due to the Optatam totius decree. Inspired also by Gaudium et spes, the Latin American Church has sought to give this theological education a distinctly pastoral orientation. This research examines the general theological training purposes of seminaries, institutes, and faculties of theology. It begins with an inquiry into the consilia et vota of bishops before Vatican II and concludes with a study of the rationes for clergy formation in various countries. The intent to equip seminarians for discerning the signs of the times emerges as a distinctive originality. However, a comparative study of theology curricula remains pending. Only then can it be determined whether this education has freed itself from intellectual dependence on the European Church.