ISSN: 2390-0075 (Online) | DOI: 10.18566/comunica Comunicación is a peer-reviewed, open-access, biannual scientific journal published by the Faculty of Social Communication and Journalism, part of the School of Social Sciences at the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Medellín, Colombia). The journal publishes original research articles and reflection papers that contribute to the understanding of communication phenomena from interdisciplinary perspectives, with particular emphasis on communication, journalism, the social sciences, and the humanities. Its mission is to promote the dissemination and scholarly discussion of scientific knowledge among national and international academic communities through the publication of high-quality research. All content is freely and immediately available under an open-access model. The journal is published and funded by the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, does not charge article processing or publication fees (APCs), and does not carry advertising. Keywords: Communication; Journalism; Digital Communication; Media Studies; Organizational Communication; Communication for Social Change.
Use of social media in the most visible Argentine academic communication journals: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Academia.edu
As part of their mission to disseminate information, scientific journals have social media accounts where they publish a variety of content, such as calls for papers, news, and testimonials from people who participate in them, to mention the most common. It is pertinent to ask about communication journals, given that one would expect to find planned and strategic use of social media in them. This paper describes how the most visible Argentine communication journals have adopted and use social media. The initial corpus consisted of thirteen journals, selected on the basis of their thematic relevance, activity, frequency of publication, and presence in databases, directories, and indexes at various levels (national, regional, and international). Of this initial corpus, only five journals remained with accounts on general social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, and on a specifically academic network such as Academia.edu. A seven-month period (December 2024-July 2025) was studied, which allowed for a particular focus on the most common type of post: announcements of new issues. This empirical-descriptive study is an initial exploratory approach. It highlights that Instagram is the social media platform of choice. This finding differs from previous studies that point to Facebook and Twitter (now X) as the networks of choice. It also provides characterisations of post types, formats and posting routines.
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Media Narratives of the Recent Past, Crime, and Crisis in the Argentine Newspapers La Prensa and La Razón (1988-1989)
This article examines how the Argentine newspapers La Prensa and La Razón construct crime between 1988 and 1989, within a context of economic crisis and political instability. From a qualitative socio-semiotic and discourse analysis approach, the thematic, rhetorical, and enunciative levels of the corpus are analyzed. The results show that La Prensa organizes a contextualized crime agenda, in which looting appears sporadically and is interpreted in socio-economic terms, with an enunciation marked by factual authority and informative pedagogy. In contrast, La Razón prioritizes high-impact events with sensationalist rhetoric, hyperbole, and a construction of threat, framing looting as a sign of chaos. The study concludes that both newspapers produce differentiated public sensibilities and divergent memories of order and violence.
Colombia According the Political-Electoral Spot to Senate of 2022
The political-electoral spot operates as a discursive construction of the political imaginaries of voters and candidates. In this sense, its interpretation can reveal the image of the country that candidates privilege and how they construct it. This article aims to identify the explicit and implicit meanings associated with Colombia’s situation in political-electoral spots for the 2022 Senate elections. Thirty-one spots from different political parties were analyzed using a phased film analysis, complemented by the interpretive framework of relevance theory and with thematic categories derived from previous studies. The findings show that the representation of the country’s situation is communicated predominantly through implicit meanings and that the spots prioritize current, context-specific issues. The use of implicit communication emerges as a discursive strategy, allowing candidates to appeal to broader audiences while avoiding conflictive positions.
This photo essay traces the descent from the Nevado del Ruiz to the town, not only as a geographical journey, but as a passage into the everyday. Through images and narrative fragments, it reveals how climate change does not burst in loudly, but instead slips in through silences: in the thinning glacier, in the lagoon lowering its level, in a landscape that seems intact yet quietly transforms. Tourism appears as an actor that can either erode or sustain, depending on how it inhabits the territory. In contrast, those who live there embody permanence: their work, their rhythms, and their conversations show that the mountain is not a backdrop, but a home. More than documenting a place, the photo essay proposes a reflection on the responsibility of looking. Because territory is not merely consumed or visited: it is shared, cared for, and learned to be inhabited.
Communication: Approaches to a Broad, Comprehensive, Diverse, and Dynamic Field
Issue 52 of journal Comunicación brings together contributions that address, from diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives, topics such as transmedia narratives and podcasts in education, the body as a communicative instance in theater, gender discourses in sexual education, the relationship between art, public space, and political agency, socio-digital networks in youth mobilizations, artificial intelligence in the media ecosystem, and journalistic and editorial practice in authoritarian contexts. Taken together, these works demonstrate the plurality and continued relevance of the field of communication.
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The Third-Shift School and the Striving to Be: Systematization of an Educommunication Model in Contexts of Vulnerability
This article systematizes the Phenomenological Humanizing Educommunication Model (PHEM), the result of an eighteen-year longitudinal research praxis in the Colombian Caribbean. The study is set at the Rancho Grande Educational Institution, located in Commune 1 of Montería, Córdoba, a territory marked by forced displacement, urban marginality, and recent migratory flows. Faced with “learned hopelessness” and symbolic violence that challenge the meaning of schooling, the research implemented a qualitative methodological bricolage that triangulates hermeneutic phenomenology, critical sociology, and Participatory Action Research (PAR). Based on a multimodal ethnographic archive (ESPCNEWS channel and the RECISO Project), it analyzes categories such as the “third-shift school” (digital educational interaction during nocturnal hours within the informal economy) and dialogic devices that challenge epistemic hierarchies. Results show that enabling students as EMIREC subjects capable of narrating their own reality produces an ontological restitution: the transition from deficit to the “Striving to Be” (afán de ser). The study concludes that educommunication operates as a synchronization technology that allows those excluded from institutional time to access the right to education and memory.
Analysis of Perceptions of the Educational Potential of Picture Books in the Processes of Learning to Read and Reading Comprehension in Spanish among Elementary School Students in the City of Medellín
Reading and reading comprehension are essential skills in the educational process. However, learning to decode written language does not guarantee deep comprehension, as it requires integrating different levels of interpretation in which verbal and visual codes interact to construct meaning. In this regard, this study proposes an analysis of teachers’ perceptions regarding the educational potential of picture books in the processes of learning to read and reading comprehension among elementary school students, based on a phenomenological study that characterizes the conceptions and practices of five teachers from educational institutions in Medellín regarding the use of picture books in reading instruction. The results showed that some teachers limit the use of this material to its aesthetic dimension, while others employ it for clear pedagogical purposes, promoting interpretation, creativity, and the integration of knowledge across disciplines.
Communication, Social Media, and Youth. The Emergence of Self-Care and Care for Others in Social Protests
The research “Unarmed Civil Self-Protection of Youth in Social Protests in Colombia”, conducted by the Pontificia Bolivariana University (PBU), took place in four Colombian cities: Medellín, Bucaramanga, Palmira, and Montería (2022-2024). Its focus was to uncover the self-care strategies used by young people involved in social protests, through workshops. In each city, thematic discussions were held to listen to and understand some of the experiences of young people during the protests. This information was later analyzed using Iramuteq software, revealing key concepts such as: protest, social, network, and youth. In the thematic table “Expressions of Communication in Social Protest” from the aforementioned research, one of the questions explored was: What did they communicate to society with their shared stories on social media? The responses from young participants showed their commitment to inform others (from their perspective) about what happened on the streets, and how the use of social media enabled them to redefine the act of protesting, while also highlighting how they took care of themselves and others, using social networks in some cases. In this regard, the communication practiced by youth through their digital devices moves beyond a select few and becomes a democratizing act of communication. Sharing some of these experiences reveals that communication and social media did not merely serve as channels during the protest but transformed into modes of self-care and care for others.
Responsibility Subjects: Roles and Gender Stereotypes in Discourses about Contraception and Contraceptive Responsibility among Students at the San Juan Bautista de La Salle Educational Institution in Medellín
In Colombia, despite progress in gender equality and sexual and reproductive rights, discourses that position women as primarily responsible for contraception persist. Using a gender perspective, this research identifies gender roles and stereotypes in discourses about contraception and contraceptive responsibility among students participating in “Sexibilízate”, the sexual education project at the San Juan Bautista de La Salle Educational Institution (EI) in Medellín. The aim was to investigate the reproduction or questioning of common gender stereotypes that position women as primarily responsible for contraception. The approach adopted is qualitative, using the methodology of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It concludes that, although students reflect awareness and deconstruction of gender roles in contraception and contraceptive responsibility, some roles and stereotypes are still identified that primarily position women as responsible for contraception. To strengthening these sexual education projects and empowering teachers and participants is key to advance on deconstructing those stereotypes. Given that research on gender roles in discourses about contraception and contraceptive responsibility is still scarce in Colombia, it is suggested that further research be conducted on the topic in other educational institutions and communities.
School Media: A Meaningful Experience of Appropriation and Co-Creation of Content for Digital Social Networks
This article analyzes communication as a transversal field that integrates education into school media production processes, becoming a key component for addressing participation challenges, incorporating students’ narratives, strengthening digital literacy, and promoting the social appropriation of knowledge. Within this framework, the School Media program at the Pontifical Bolivarian University, Montería campus, in coordination with the Communication and Journalism research group “Con Sentidos de la Comunicación,” implements a meaningful experience in Montería’s school media. The initiative is grounded in the development of media and digital competencies, students’ participation in content production, and the visibility of the educational community’s narratives. Methodologically, the study follows a qualitative–exploratory single-case design in three phases: (1) empathize and understand, (2) ideate and learn, and (3) co-create and appropriate. The sample comprised 33 students from George’s Nobel School. The main findings reveal a low impact of digital content due to its misalignment with students’ interests, formats, and languages; they also show limited participation in production despite strong interest in influencing themes and the school medium. Consequently, there is a disconnect between institutional messages and their intended audience. The co-creation proposal, developed through four workshops, was perceived by students as an immediate and effective way to strengthen the student–school media relationship and to improve the relevance of the content.
On presentations and representations. An approach to the relationship between body, language and knowledge
This article presents reflections on a study of the relationship between language and knowledge, specifically problematizing the (potential and current) role that the body occupies within it. The research brings into dialogue a theoretical dimension, formulated through triadic semiotics and oriented toward the characterization of different forms of meaning-making (the established iconic, indexical, and symbolic functions), with an empirical dimension linked to a higher education pedagogical experience. The article examines both the epistemic and methodological foundations that, within Western culture, have denied the body its central role, as well as its potential to produce and communicate conceptual meaning, thereby contributing to the emerging epistemological paradigm of embodiment.
Use of ICT in academic training: analysisof an educational institution in Santander
The aim of this article is to analyze the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) among sixth-grade students at Colegio Niño Jesús de Praga (Girón, Santander), with the purpose of proposing guidelines to strengthen academic education in a digitalized environment. Regarding the methodology, a qualitative study was conducted within a post-positivist paradigm, using surveys administered to 40 students and structured interviews with 5 teachers. The information was integrated through triangulation between empirical results and a literature review. The findings show that, although access is high (with personal mobile phones and connectivity being predominant), students’ use is mainly oriented toward recreational platforms (e.g., YouTube and messaging), while academic use remains limited. From the teachers’ perspective, barriers are identified in relation to training, infrastructure, and the limited pedagogical integration of emerging resources. Based on these results, it can be concluded that access to ICT does not guarantee meaningful educational appropriation: digital competencies are at an initial level and require strengthening through digital literacy, teacher training, and pedagogical strategies that promote critical and creative uses of technology.
Del dibujo como huella: A Proposal on the Conceptualization of Drawing as a Recurrent Experience and Political Agency
In December 2024, the exhibition Del Dibujo como huella, by Ecuadorian artist [author 1], was held at the Centro Cultural Metropolitano in Quito, Ecuador. This text takes this exhibition as a case study with the purpose of thinking about the conditions of drawing as a discourse and its relation with public space and political agenia. It analyzes how the proposal was organized and presented, focusing on issues related to the curatorial resolution and the discussion on drawing as a point of intersection and crystallization of pressing social and environmental issues, one of the thematic axes of the exhibition. We conclude that the exhibition positions crucial debates regarding the relationship between drawing and public space, the conditions of possibility of drawing as a recurrent and permanent experience and its role as a direct link and daily mediation in the production of social reality and its systems of interpretation.
Archivo completo del No. 51 de la revista Comunicación
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Se hace una breve recorrido por el presente número y los temas abordados por sus autores y autoras
Comunicación y Cultura: the Mexican exile magazine with international projection
Comunicación y Cultura magazine was a pioneer in providing a Latin American perspective on communication problems. This publication was inserted in a dense network of relations of the Latin American exile in Mexico during the period of dictatorships and post-dictatorships (1978-1985). In order to renew the readings on it, we give an account of the human and material support it received to spread internationally. Secondly, we expose the antagonists and political positions of the journal that placed it in a novel critical position. Our perspective is framed within the debates on Sociology of Culture and Recent History, to investigate the particular conditions of production of a founding journal of Communication Studies, and why it was a prominent voice of anti-dictatorial and anti-imperialist resistance in Latin America.
Editorial process at the beginning of a dictatorship in Nicaragua
This article presents an in-depth interview with Luis Domingo Sánchez Sancho, a Nicaraguan journalist and editorial writer for the newspaper La Prensa, which explores the dynamics of editorial work in the context of authoritarian regimes in Nicaragua. It begins with an introductory framework that defines the editorial genre and its relevance as a space for institutional opinion. The text presents the interviewee's personal and professional trajectory, as well as the political, socio-ethical, and practical tensions that editorial writers face in situations of censorship and government pressure. The case of La Prensa is analyzed as an example of the role of opinion journalism in the defense of democracy, human rights, and independence from political power, highlighting the symbolic and institutional nature of editorials as a collective voice. The article constitutes an empirical approach to the editorial profession, the configuration of opinion discourse in the print media, and the relationship between the press, politics, and society in contexts of democratic crisis, such as the case of Nicaragua.
Methodological Proposal for the Study of Artificial Intelligence in Media Literacy Competencies
The increasingly widespread use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the media and digital ecosystem impacts people’s daily lives, raising new discussions about how this new actor can be classified today within the context of media competencies. In order to situate AI in this scenario, a methodological proposal was developed consisting of four dimensions, eleven areas of analysis, and an assessment through a numerical scale, which can help diagnose the use of this technology in educommunicative processes. To reach this point, two questions were posed: the place of AI in the media and digital ecosystem, and the role it plays in an environment where reality is reported, interpreted, opined upon, and thoroughly investigated. The conclusion is that it is necessary to provide interdisciplinary responses to the uncertainty surrounding issues such as ethical risks and the responsible use of personal data, which are currently matters of societal concern.
Hiperion: integrating transmedia storytelling in university context
This article presents the conceptual development of Hiperion, a transmedia experience developed at the Instituto Universitario de Educación Física y Deporte (EDUFID) of the Universidad de Antioquia, aimed at promoting the appropriation of blended educational modalities. The objective is to explore how transmedia storytelling can facilitate the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in university contexts. Based on a qualitative research-creation methodology, a narrative ecosystem was designed featuring characters and stories that encouraged the active participation of students and faculty. The results suggest that transmedia integration enhances collaborative learning, pedagogical immersion, and the understanding of hybrid educational environments.
Geek identities as a stigma in the life trajectory of young adults in Ciudad Juárez
The following article is part of the results of a doctoral thesis on the generation of identity in young adults on the border. This paper presents part of the findings related to the generation of stigma in the life course of young adult subjects with geek cultural consumption who grew up in Ciudad Juárez. Based on the proposal of identity generation from stigma found in Goffman (2005), the main elements found in the discourses of the subjects related to stigma are described, such as consumption as a resistance strategy, the origin of social stigma through a “satanic panic” and the fears of the body, obtained through life stories and analyzed from the perspective of the biography approach. The conclusions show that the subjects recognize the stigma and have internalized it in some of their daily practices, making it part of their identity generation in adulthood.
Una mirada al cine colombiano a través de los fenómenos sociales: El papel del cine en tiempos de pandemia
Cinematography is not simply an art that is created to entertain. Cinema has become a multicultural and global expression that represents a platform for analysis and a privileged source of knowledge. From these premises, the article shows cinema with a double purpose: as an object of study in itself, and as a pedagogical tool for communication and teaching of social and cultural contexts. One of the contexts that is showing an impact on global society is the one that occurs due to pandemics. Issues such as personal and social relationships, customs and routines have been affected by the measures and restrictions, in addition to effects on mental and physical health, impacts on economic development, etc. Consequently, the following article analyzes the contents and the production of meaning in the narratives of Colombian cinema about social phenomena related to the epidemics of five Colombian films: The tragedy of silence, I am another, Love in the Times of Cholera, The Earth and Shadow, whose theme is diseases or epidemics, can contribute to understanding the current context, and in particular the one experienced due to Covid19.
THE LIVING CANVAS OF SOCIAL PROCESSES A RECORD OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF THE SOCIETY
Change dissolves in the air all that exists, it is not guided by a typical line in the remarkable historical transformation of society in the arc of time. Historical cases can be cited that society has followed. Such is the case of the evolutionary cycle that would have its starting point in the clinical birth, until falling into the crematorium of history, or the case of the cyclical theory of eternal return. In this order of meanings, change is a breath of new life for society, when the situation in history has become bad enough and to propitiate its readjustment by putting one foot in front of the other as a step forward. The science of change has documented puffs of change in the history of society. Such is the case of the record of the action of the agents of social change of the nineteenth century with the proclamation of individual rights, freedom and equality, as new values of the enlightenment movement in its vision of change of the social system. Similarly, it has recorded the displeasure of conservative groups, when they were thrown out of bed, by the new values which they considered spurious and unsound for the society of l'ancien ordre, an attitude that implied the most complete opposition to what they would like to see in society.
The concept of "inhabiting the network" is proposed, emphasizing the difference between consuming a medium and actively participating in the online space. This approach acknowledges the influence of the digital context but underscores the ongoing social transformation. Inhabiting the network implies constant participation, consumption, and appropriation of digital spaces, impacting protagonism, formats, contents, and the influence of mass media. The article addresses the absence of a foundational narrative in the 21st century, the acceleration of subjectivity, and the tension between emotions and perception in online interactions. It proposes a theoretical reformulation regarding the influence of media, questioning structuralist formulations and suggesting analytical approaches based on routines, anonymous individuals, and the dynamics of exploitation. Finally, the materialization of mediations in the network is highlighted, advocating for a critical understanding of technology, recognizing its connection to culture, and its impact on the construction of contemporary subjectivity.
Training of Spanish Secondary School Teachers in Media and Information Literacy (MIL)
This paper studied the needs and perception in Media and Information Literacy (MIL) of Secondary Education Teachers in Spain. To do so, 77 in-depth interviews to teachers of all Spanish autonomous territorial entities have been made. Some results show a deficit in the training offers which are perceived by teachers as insufficient to connect with students. These teenagers are almost permanent users of new social media and media content. Due to the training focus on digital skills instead of practical uses within the classroom, it is concluded that educational centers' proactivity and the willingness of overworked Teachers are key to trying to overcome this deficiency.
Estrategia de contenido aplicada por una institución financiera en la cuarentena del 2020: Campaña “Siempre contigo”
Abstract: Facebook Fan pages serve as a direct customer service channel for digital clients, especially during the 2020 pandemic. With the outbreak of Covid-19 reshaping the world's perception, communication had to adapt accordingly. This study focuses on analyzing the content of the "Siempre contigo" campaign launched by a ecuadorian financial institution on Facebook during the quarantine period. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of this campaign in terms of communication strategy and engagement during the critical period of 2020. The methodology employed a quantitative, non-experimental approach with an explanatory scope. Content analysis of the campaign from April to July 2020 was conducted, along with a survey to understand user perceptions. Findings revealed that while the campaign attracted participation through incentives, it failed to foster deep or quality engagement. The strategy lacked consistency and failed to align with the institution's core financial focus. Although diverse topics generated attention, they diluted the corporate message, hindering the formation of a committed community around the brand. Users' perception of the campaign's effectiveness varied, with engagement driven more by immediate incentives than genuine interest. Recommendations include realigning content strategy to reflect core business values and strengthen brand identity.
El pódcast, una propuesta educativa para los profesores del Colegio Eustorgio Colmenares Baptista en Cúcuta, Colombia
The podcast is one of the digital tools with a significant growth in recent years, as a resource for learning has had a great acceptance among teachers and students. The following study aims to design a podcast proposal as an educational strategy for teachers of the Eustorgio Colmenares Baptista school in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia. The research applies a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, through the collection of information with a sample of 30 educators for a digital survey and 11 for a focus group. The results show the absence of the sound medium in the classroom, there is no familiarity with technologies to generate innovation in the transmission of knowledge by educational institutions. Therefore, the relevance of incorporating the use of podcast as a digital tool in academic training that promotes effective communication and collaborative learning spaces is highlighted. In conclusion, the integration of digital media can enhance the performance of teachers, through the inclusion of dynamics in the pedagogical process, which optimizes learning objectives and favors the acquisition of skills necessary to meet the current challenges in education.
Sharing knowledge: Research experiences from participatory and gendersensitive methodologies in the mexican semidiesert.
This article explores the experience of accompanying a group of women in the rural and semi-arid area of ​​Jalpa, Coahuila, Mexico; a space threatened by extractivism and neoliberal dispossession. It also reflects, through gender-sensitive and participatory methodologies with approaches from the notion of care, feminist epistemology and decolonial feminism, how they are aware of each other and recognize themselves as part of the resistance and how through their centuries-old knowledge related to natural medicine and gastronomy, are pillars in the defense of their territory.
This visual essay accounts for the work carried out through workshops and based on the concept of Self-referential Photographic Repertoires, with young high school students in the Ejido Jalpa, a rural town in northern Mexico. The intention of these workshops was to create a space for dialogue and reflection through photography, on the relationship of these young people with their territory. The result was an exhibition that took place between April and May 2022 in the city of Saltillo, Coahuila. These activities are part of the research project "Emerging Knowledge Communities and Audiovisual Research-Creation Processes" CEC-ICreA, SEP-CONACYT Fund, (2019-2023) which seeks to build strategies to generate and manage knowledge between academic and non-academic communities in formats that go beyond the written text.
Procession and protest: The resignification of families’ pain in the Ayotzinapa Case
The Ayotzinapa Case concerns the death and forced disappearance of a group of student teachers from Guerrero (Mexico) on September 26 and 27, 2014. For more than nine years, the topic has been recurrent in the media nationally and internationally. However, the news usually frames the mass actions that take place in Mexico City (capital of the country) commonly with a disqualifying and criminalizing discourse of both the protests and the victims of forced disappearance. From 2019 to 2021, I had the opportunity to carry out ethnographic work with some families of the disappeared students and with their classmates from the Rural Normal School “Raúl Isidro Burgos” of Ayotzinapa. This photoseries exposes the manifestation of the collective process of conversion of pain and suffering into organization and social mobilization of the Mondragón Fontes family and the current students of Ayotzinapa from the case of Julio César Mondragón Fontes (JCMF), who was executed and tortured to the point of skinning his face, which is why his family and colleagues continue to demand justice and punishment for those who are responsible.
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Challenges for the Publishing Industry in the 21st Century: The Case of Orsai Publishing
At the beginning of the 21st century, the publishing industry was going through a crisis not only as a consequence of the echoes of the international financial crisis of 2008, but also as a result of the digital transition that had already begun some years ago and that predicted the exhaustion of the paper format. In this context, the writer Hernán Casciari started an independent publishing project renouncing to any kind of state or corporate funding and guaranteeing a printed product in the highest graphic quality of the market, where the most relevant literary pens wrote and were paid better than in any publishing house of the traditional circuit. The project was called Orsai. To date (2023) more than ten years have passed since its inception and the project is not only still standing but has expanded its frontiers towards audiovisual production and significantly increased the number of readers (subscribers, contributors) that accompany this growth. Although Orsai carries out different projects (as one of its oldest slogans says “what started as a blog can become anything”), in this paper we focus on its editorial project which -as we will see- is impossible to refer to without mentioning its founding milestone: Orsai magazine. In order to analyze the economic dimension of the Orsai publishing house, we describe the tensions it produces with the predominant business models in the publishing industry, concentrating on some characteristics and nodal points of Orsai’s history. To talk about the economic dimension, we will consider not only the way in which the publishing house finances itself, but also the changes it proposes to the legal bureaucratic system that regulates the economic relations within the traditional publishing industry, and the relative weight of each of the actors that integrate it.